Difference between revisions of "Hakluyt"

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(The Hakluyt Foundation, the supervisory board)
(The Hakluyt Foundation/Holdingham International Advisory Board: david Manning no longer on board)
 
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[[Image:Hakluyt.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Quintessentially British: Hakluyt at Tea (L-R James, Reynolds and Maclay)]]
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[[Image:Hakluyt.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Quintessentially British: Hakluyt at Tea (L-R [[Christopher James]], [[Mike Reynolds]] and [[Michael Maclay]])]]
:::''“The idea was to do for industry what we had done for the government”''
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:::''"The idea was to do for industry what we had done for the government"''<br>&mdash; Hakluyt co-founder [[Christopher James]]<ref> Stephen Overell, [http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/a-list/2002w34/msg00011.htm Masters of the great game turn to business], Financial Times, 22 March 2000.
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</ref>
  
:::(Hakluyt co-founder [[Christopher James]]){{ref|FTimes}}
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[[Hakluyt & Company Ltd]], a London business intelligence bureau named after a 16th-century geographer and economic intelligence specialist avant la lettre, was founded in 1995 by former members of the British foreign secret service. In 2011 Hakluyt became a trading name of a renamed company [[Holdingham Group Limited]].<ref>James Quinn [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/defence/9106177/Sir-John-Rose-joins-intelligence-specialist-Hakluyt.html Sir [[John Rose]] joins intelligence specialist Hakluyt] ''Daily Telegraph'', 10:05PM GMT 25 Feb 2012</ref> Holdingham also created [[Pelorus Research]] as another trading name of the Group in the same year.<ref>Pelorus Research [http://www.pelorus-research.com/about-us About Us], accessed 2 August 2012</ref>
  
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Hakluyt fills a niche in the intelligence sector by specializing in upmarket business, with which it has been very successful. The company started in a one room office in 1995; in 2001 it claimed its clients included one-quarter of FTSE 100 companies. In its brochure, Hakluyt promises to find information for its clients which they "will not receive by the usual government, media and commercial routes". The company tries to distinguish itself from other business intelligence consultants, spinmasters and clipping services. "We do not take anything off the shelf, nothing off the Net—we assume that any company worth its salt has done all of that," Hakluyt's [[Michael Maclay]] explained at a 1999 conference in the Netherlands. "We go with the judgement of people who know the countries, the élites, the industries, the local media, the local environmentalists, all the factors that will feed into big decisions being made."<ref>Michael Maclay, 'Recruiting Political Scientists', presentation at Academia Meets Business conference, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2-3 July 1999</ref>
  
Hakluyt & Company Ltd, a London business intelligence bureau named after
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In December 2013 Hakluyt's managing director, Sir [[Keith Craig]], was revealed as a donor to the Scottish anti-independence [[Better Together]] campaign, having given £10,000. One of Hakluyt's co-founders [[Christopher Wilkins]], who is also chairman of [[North British Wind Energy]] Ltd, also gave £10,000. <ref> Andrew Whitaker, [[http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/top-stories/scottish-independence-pro-union-donors-revealed-1-3234090 Scottish independence: Pro-Union donors revealed], ''The Scotsman'', 16 December 2013, accessed 9 September 2013 </ref>
a 16th-century geographer and economic intelligence specialist avant la lettre,
 
was founded in 1995 by former members of the British foreign secret service.
 
 
 
Hakluyt fills a niche in the intelligence sector by specializing in upmarket
 
business, with which it has been very successful. The company started in a oneroom
 
office in 1995; in 2001 it claims its clients include one-quarter of FTSE
 
100 companies. In its brochure, Hakluyt promises to find information for its
 
clients which they “will not receive by the usual government, media and commercial
 
routes”. The company tries to distinguish itself from other business
 
intelligence consultants, spinmasters and clipping services. “We do not take
 
anything off the shelf, nothing off the Net—we assume that any company
 
worth its salt has done all of that,” Hakluyt’s [[Michael Maclay]] explained at a
 
1999 conference in the Netherlands. “We go with the judgement of people
 
who know the countries, the élites, the industries, the local media, the local
 
environmentalists, all the factors that will feed into big decisions being made.”{{ref|MMaclay}}
 
  
 
==What is Hakluyt?==
 
==What is Hakluyt?==
:Christopher James, managing director of the foundation and a former Foreign Office hand, explains: "Richard Hakluyt was a 16th-century geographer, born in London, who sat and listened to the tales told by returning explorers such as Drake and Frobisher. Then he wrote them up as 'Hakluyt's Voyages'. He was one of the principle inspirations for the [[East India Company]]."  
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[[Christopher James]], managing director of the foundation and a former [[Foreign Office]] hand, explains: "Richard Hakluyt was a 16th-century geographer, born in London, who sat and listened to the tales told by returning explorers such as Drake and Frobisher. Then he wrote them up as 'Hakluyt's Voyages'. He was one of the principle inspirations for the [[East India Company]]."  
  
:Hakluyt & Co (now Hakluyt Ltd) was founded by [[Fitzroy MacLean]] in 1995. [[Steven Dedijer]] (the man who largely invented modern-day business intelligence at Lund university in Sweden) watched MacLean's career between 1937 and 1995, and claimed that he "had a foot in the intelligence world since he attended Stalin's terror trials in 1937 as a member of the Foreign Office to Mikhail Gorbachev's time -- he advised Margaret Thatcher to back him -- and to the war in former Yugoslavia, in which he was in close contact with gen. Michael Rose". Maclean "acted all his life following the best British tradition dating from the 16th century as an independent intelligence operator working informally but effectively for and within the British establishment's power network.".{{ref|online}}
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:Hakluyt & Co (now Hakluyt Ltd) was founded by [[Fitzroy MacLean]] in 1995. [[Steven Dedijer]] (the man who largely invented modern-day business intelligence at Lund university in Sweden) watched MacLean's career between 1937 and 1995, and claimed that he "had a foot in the intelligence world since he attended Stalin's terror trials in 1937 as a member of the Foreign Office to Mikhail Gorbachev's time -- he advised Margaret Thatcher to back him -- and to the war in former Yugoslavia, in which he was in close contact with gen. Michael Rose". Maclean "acted all his life following the best British tradition dating from the 16th century as an independent intelligence operator working informally but effectively for and within the British establishment's power network.".<ref>Fitzroy MacLean's Legacy, Intelligence Newsletter, 17 October 1996, [http://www.IntelligenceOnline.com Intelligence Online].</ref>
:The Financial Times called Maclean, "a highly active 84-year-old who has just brought out yet another book on Scotland, is one of those people who knows everyone, on both sides of the Atlantic," in 1995. (MacLean died of a heart attack in 1996.){{ref|FinTimes}}
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:The ''Financial Times'' called Maclean, "a highly active 84-year-old who has just brought out yet another book on Scotland, is one of those people who knows everyone, on both sides of the Atlantic," in 1995. (MacLean died of a heart attack in 1996.)<ref>Forward charge, Financial Times (London) 11 August 1995.</ref>
  
:In addition to MacLean, the founders of the highly discreet Hakluyt & Company were the [[Earl of Jellico]], who was head of a committee to reform intelligence and security under the Thatcher government and then president of the Royal Geographic Society; and [[Brian Cubbon]], former permanent secretary at the Home Office who was a candidate in 1987 to head the Secret Service.
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:In addition to MacLean, the founders of the highly discreet Hakluyt & Company were the [[Earl of Jellicoe]], who was head of a committee to reform intelligence and security under the Thatcher government and then president of the [[Royal Geographic Society]]; and [[Brian Cubbon]], former permanent secretary at the Home Office who was a candidate in 1987 to head the Secret Service.
  
==the Hakluyt company==
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==The Hakluyt company==
  
 
:The company has a kind of supervision board, the Hakluyt foundation, headed since 1995 by the late Sir [[Fitzroy Maclean]]. He was an intrepid explorer himself who was parachuted into Yugoslavia in the Second World War to act as the Allies' main link with Tito, the partisan leader and subsequent Communist boss. [[Lady Smith]], who also sat on this board, was a close friend of Sir Fitzroy for many years, sharing his close interest in Russia and Eastern Europe. Following Sir Fitzroy's death Sir [[Peter Holmes]], formerly senior managing director of [[Royal Dutch Shell Group]], took over as president of the foundation.  
 
:The company has a kind of supervision board, the Hakluyt foundation, headed since 1995 by the late Sir [[Fitzroy Maclean]]. He was an intrepid explorer himself who was parachuted into Yugoslavia in the Second World War to act as the Allies' main link with Tito, the partisan leader and subsequent Communist boss. [[Lady Smith]], who also sat on this board, was a close friend of Sir Fitzroy for many years, sharing his close interest in Russia and Eastern Europe. Following Sir Fitzroy's death Sir [[Peter Holmes]], formerly senior managing director of [[Royal Dutch Shell Group]], took over as president of the foundation.  
: Since 2005 Hakluyt has been run since last year by former diplomat [[Keith Craig]].The company is based in London's West End and only has half- a-dozen salaried staff, relying on 50 to 60 external experts to provide advice to companies.{{ref|Willcock}}
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: Since 2005 Hakluyt has been run since last year by former diplomat [[Keith Craig]].The company is based in London's West End and only has half- a-dozen salaried staff, relying on 50 to 60 external experts to provide advice to companies.<ref>John Willcock 'People & Business: Maharishi gets a flexible friend' The Independent (London) 14 August 1998, Page 21.</ref>
 
 
  
 
==Spying exposed==
 
==Spying exposed==
  
[[Manfred Schlickenrieder]] apparently was one of those people who “knew the
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[[Manfred Schlickenrieder]] apparently was one of those people who "knew the local environmentalists". For years, he posed as a leftist sympathizer and filmmaker while working as a spy for Hakluyt. His cover was blown when the Swiss action group [[Revolutionaire Aufbau]] began to distrust him. In the investigation which led to his exposure, the group uncovered a large pile of documents. Many were put online at the beginning of 2000.."<ref>See the [http://www.geocities.com/aufbaulist/Gruppe2/Gruppe2.htm Aufbau.org website]</ref> These documents prove Schlickenrieder was on Hakluyt's payroll—and indicate strongly that he was working for more than one German state intelligence service.
local environmentalists”. For years, he posed as a leftist sympathizer and filmmaker
 
while working as a spy for Hakluyt. His cover was blown when the Swiss
 
action group [[Revolutionaire Aufbau]] began to distrust him. In the investigation
 
which led to his exposure, the group uncovered a large pile of documents. Many
 
were put online at the beginning of 2000..”{{ref|Aufbau}} These documents
 
prove Schlickenrieder was on Hakluyt’s payroll—and indicate strongly that he
 
was working for more than one German state intelligence service.
 
  
 
Among the documents was detailed email correspondence between
 
Among the documents was detailed email correspondence between
Schlickenrieder and Hakluyt. There was also a DM20,000 ($9,000) invoice
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Schlickenrieder and Hakluyt. There was also a DM20,000 ($9,000) invoice to Hakluyt for "Greenpeace research" including expenses, "to be paid according to agreement in the usual manner". Confronted with this material, Hakluyt reluctantly admitted having employed him. When The Sunday Times broke the story in Britain in July 2000, both [[BP]] and [[Shell]] acknowledged having hired the firm, but claimed they had been unaware of its tactics.."<ref>Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford, MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups, ''The Sunday Times of London'', June 17, 2001. His hidden agenda may have been to find out who was behind violent attacks on petrol stations following a boycott in Germany. [[Mike Hogan]], Shell UK head of media relations, claimed in a personal phone call in July 2001 that this was what they had hired Hakluyt for. But there are no reports of Schlickenrieder approaching more radical groups, nor hinting at such subjects, from people he did speak to.</ref>
to Hakluyt for “Greenpeace research” including expenses, “to be paid according
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Schlickenrieder's exposure put the spotlight on an firm that prefers to operate highly discreetly in the shadowy area of former state intelligence specialists-turned-private spies. Members of Parliament accused MI6 of using the firm as a front to spy on green activists.
to agreement in the usual manner”. Confronted with this material,
 
Hakluyt reluctantly admitted having employed him. When The Sunday Times
 
broke the story in Britain in July 2000, both [[BP]] and [[Shell]] acknowledged
 
having hired the firm, but claimed they had been unaware of its tactics..”{{ref|STimes1}}
 
Schlickenrieder’s exposure put the spotlight on an firm that prefers to
 
operate highly discreetly in the shadowy area of former state intelligence specialists-
 
turned-private spies. Members of Parliament accused MI6 of using the
 
firm as a front to spy on green activists.
 
  
Analyzing archival material found in Schlickenrieder’s house teaches us
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Analysing archival material found in Schlickenrieder's house teaches us much about how he did his work for Hakluyt, and about oil companies' current intelligence needs.
much about how he did his work for Hakluyt, and about oil companies’
 
current intelligence needs.
 
  
Schlickenrieder traded on his image as a long-term devoted activist to get
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Schlickenrieder traded on his image as a long-term devoted activist to get various information-gathering commissions. After the [[Brent Spar]] PR crisis and the death of [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] in Nigeria, he made an inventory for Shell International of the activist agenda. Posing as a film-maker making a film about the anti-Shell campaigns, Schlickenrieder travelled around Europe, and managed to interview on film a broad spectrum of people campaigning for the Ogoni people in Nigeria. He spent months questioning all sorts of groups, and wrote to organizations ranging from [[Friends of the Earth]] to [[Anita Roddick]]'s [[Body Shop]] asking about their ongoing campaigns, their future plans and the impact of their work. The project eventually resulted in a documentary video, ''Business as Usual: The Arrogance of Power'', which gave a rather superficial insight into the European campaign against Shell. But it was only a byproduct of the investigation: every worthwhile detail was captured in a report for Hakluyt and subsequently channelled to Shell International.
various information-gathering commissions. After the [[Brent Spar]] PR crisis
 
and the death of [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] in Nigeria, he made an inventory for Shell
 
International of the activist agenda. Posing as a film-maker making a film
 
about the anti-Shell campaigns, Schlickenrieder travelled around Europe, and
 
managed to interview on film a broad spectrum of people campaigning for
 
the Ogoni people in Nigeria. He spent months questioning all sorts of groups,
 
and wrote to organizations ranging from [[Friends of the Earth]] to [[Anita Roddick]]'s  
 
[[Body Shop]] asking about their ongoing campaigns, their future plans and the
 
impact of their work. The project eventually resulted in a documentary video,
 
''Business as Usual: The Arrogance of Power'', which gave a rather superficial
 
insight into the European campaign against Shell. But it was only a byproduct
 
of the investigation: every worthwhile detail was captured in a report for
 
Hakluyt and subsequently channelled to [[Shell]] International.
 
  
Other oil companies were scared to death, too, of becoming Greenpeace’s
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Other oil companies were scared to death, too, of becoming Greenpeace's next target. [[BP]] turned to Hakluyt for help after it got wind that Greenpeace was planning its Atlantic Frontier campaign to stop oil drilling in a new part of the Atlantic. The company asked Schlickenrieder to deliver details about what was going to happen as well as assess how Greenpeace might respond to possible damage claims that could be used in an attempt to paralyse it.
next target. [[BP]] turned to Hakluyt for help after it got wind that Greenpeace
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Hakluyt used material from other sources to complement the information about Greenpeace's plans Schlickenrieder provided. It claimed to have laid its hands on a copy of '''Putting the Lid on Fossil Fuels''', the Greenpeace brochure meant to kick off the campaign, even before the ink was dry. BP used this inside information to polish its press and PR communications. "BP countered the campaign in an unusually fast and smart way," Greenpeace Germany spokesperson Stefan Krug told the German daily die tageszeitung/TAZ. Since it knew what was coming in advance, BP was never taken by surprise.<ref>Otto Diederichs and Holger Stark, [http://www.geocities.com/aufbaulist/Gruppe2/Kommentare/Greenpeace.htm Greenpeace, Das Auge der Multis], Die Tageszeitung, 10 December, 2000.</ref>
was planning its Atlantic Frontier campaign to stop oil drilling in a new part
 
of the Atlantic. The company asked Schlickenrieder to deliver details about
 
what was going to happen as well as assess how Greenpeace might respond to
 
possible damage claims that could be used in an attempt to paralyze it.
 
Hakluyt used material from other sources to complement the information
 
about Greenpeace’s plans Schlickenrieder provided. It claimed to have
 
laid its hands on a copy of ''‘Putting the Lid on Fossil Fuels’'', the Greenpeace
 
brochure meant to kick off the campaign, even before the ink was dry. BP
 
used this inside information to polish its press and PR communications. “BP
 
countered the campaign in an unusually fast and smart way,Greenpeace
 
Germany spokesperson Stefan Krug told the German daily die tageszeitung/TAZ.
 
Since it knew what was coming in advance, BP was never taken by surprise.{{ref|TAZ}}
 
  
BP also used Hakluyt to plan a counter-strategic lawsuit against
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BP also used Hakluyt to plan a counter-strategic lawsuit against Greenpeace. In a May 1997 email message to Schlickenrieder, Hakluyt's Director [[Mike Reynolds]] inquired about the possible impact of suing the environmentalists for mounting a campaign like the Brent Spar one. He asked his German spy for information on whether Greenpeace was taking legal steps to protect its assets against seizure in the event it was sued by an oil company.
Greenpeace. In a May 1997 email message to Schlickenrieder, Hakluyt’s
 
Director [[Mike Reynolds]] inquired about the possible impact of suing the
 
environmentalists for mounting a campaign like the Brent Spar one. He
 
asked his German spy for information on whether Greenpeace was taking
 
legal steps to protect its assets against seizure in the event it was sued by an
 
oil company.
 
  
The answer to that question is not among the exposed documents.
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The answer to that question is not among the exposed documents. However, when BP's Stena Dee oil installation in the Atlantic Ocean was occupied two months later, the company sued Greenpeace for DM4.2 million (almost $2 million) in damages, insisting its work was being delayed. BP got an injunction to block Greenpeace UK's bank accounts, which caused the group serious financial problems. (This was one of the first times an injunction was used to threaten activists with possible arrest. It has since become an increasingly popular way to stop a campaign.)
However, when BP’s Stena Dee oil installation in the Atlantic Ocean was
 
occupied two months later, the company sued Greenpeace for DM4.2 million
 
(almost $2 million) in damages, insisting its work was being delayed. BP got
 
an injunction to block Greenpeace UK’s bank accounts, which caused the
 
group serious financial problems. (This was one of the first times an injunc-
 
tion was used to threaten activists with possible arrest. It has since become an
 
increasingly popular way to stop a campaign.)
 
  
Oil activism was not Schlickenrieder’s only field of activity. The Aufbau
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Oil activism was not Schlickenrieder's only field of activity. The Aufbau group discovered leads about research he did for Hakluyt on banks and financial takeovers. And in 1996 he started mapping resistance against [[Rio Tinto]], which calls itself the "world leader in finding, mining and processing the Earth's mineral resources."<ref>See "About Us" section at [http://www.riotinto.com Rio Tinto website]</ref>
group discovered leads about research he did for Hakluyt on banks and financial
 
takeovers. And in 1996 he started mapping resistance against [[Rio Tinto]],
 
which calls itself the “world leader in finding, mining and processing the
 
Earth’s mineral resources.”{{ref|Tinto}}
 
  
He continued to bill Hakluyt for this research until at least spring 1999.{{ref|TintoAufbau}}
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He continued to bill Hakluyt for this research until at least spring 1999.<ref>Evidence that Schlickenrieder researched Rio Tinto is unpublished and is in the hands of members of Revolutionaire Aufbau, who exposed him.</ref>
  
 
===A freelance spy===
 
===A freelance spy===
  
Schlickenrieder had apparently built up spying experience during years of
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Schlickenrieder had apparently built up spying experience during years of working for Germany's domestic and foreign intelligence services, [[Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz]] and [[Bundesnachrichtendienst]].
working for Germany’s domestic and foreign intelligence services,  
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Documents found at his home indicated he had had access to reports from them as well as the French and Italian secret services. None of the spy agencies acknowledged publicly that Schlickenrieder had been working for them; however, informed sources agreed that the agent's exposure had been a blow for the German intelligence community, as several serious papers reported. Furthermore, the Schlickenrieder case was discussed in the prime minister and parliamentary committee's weekly meeting with the German secret services—a meeting of which no minutes are ever published.<ref>Thomas Scheuer, [http://www.libertad.de/inhalt/spezial/gr17 uppe2/focus120201.shtml Enttarnung im Internet], Focus, 12 Feb. 2001, and personal conversation with Otto Diederichs/TAZ.</ref>
[[Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz]] and [[Bundesnachrichtendienst]].
 
Documents found at his home indicated he had had access to reports
 
from them as well as the French and Italian secret services. None of the spy
 
agencies acknowledged publicly that Schlickenrieder had been working for
 
them; however, informed sources agreed that the agent’s exposure had been a
 
blow for the German intelligence community, as several serious papers
 
reported. Furthermore, the Schlickenrieder case was discussed in the prime
 
minister and parliamentary committee’s weekly meeting with the German
 
secret services—a meeting of which no minutes are ever published.{{ref|Thomas}}
 
  
Though there is evidence that they paid him, it is not known whether he
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Though there is evidence that they paid him, it is not known whether he was actually on the payroll; he may have been a freelance spy. The fact that he wrote detailed proposals for the government, suggesting new fields of research within the radical leftist movement, points in this direction. Whichever it was, the rewards of espionage seem to have included a spacious flat overlooking a park in Munich and a BMW Z3, the model of sports car driven by James Bond in Goldeneye. His monthly expenses were calculated at $4,500.
was actually on the payroll; he may have been a freelance spy. The fact that
 
he wrote detailed proposals for the government, suggesting new fields of
 
research within the radical leftist movement, points in this direction.
 
Whichever it was, the rewards of espionage seem to have included a spacious
 
flat overlooking a park in Munich and a BMW Z3, the model of sports car
 
driven by James Bond in Goldeneye. His monthly expenses were calculated at
 
$4,500.
 
  
He became good at delivering different kinds of intelligence, from broad
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He became good at delivering different kinds of intelligence, from broad overviews to assessments to insider mood reports. Taking advantage of activists' trust, he developed a knack for piecing together bits and pieces of information to compile a fairly accurate picture.
overviews to assessments to insider mood reports. Taking advantage of
 
activists’ trust, he developed a knack for piecing together bits and pieces of
 
information to compile a fairly accurate picture.
 
  
 
He frequented meetings of radical leftist groups (including the [[Red Army Faction]] from the early 1980s until his cover was blown, and he made a documentary
 
He frequented meetings of radical leftist groups (including the [[Red Army Faction]] from the early 1980s until his cover was blown, and he made a documentary
 
about violent resistance with solidarity groups and relatives of convicted
 
about violent resistance with solidarity groups and relatives of convicted
comrades which featured the RAF. Another film, about Italy’s
+
comrades which featured the RAF. Another film, about Italy's
 
[[Red Brigades]], on which he had been working since 1985, was never finished. But
 
[[Red Brigades]], on which he had been working since 1985, was never finished. But
 
stills from his video footage served as a photo database, accompanied by personal
 
stills from his video footage served as a photo database, accompanied by personal
 
details about everybody he had met.
 
details about everybody he had met.
  
His ways of working for state and business were similar—there seemed to
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His ways of working for state and business were similar—there seemed to be no boundaries between the two. He sometimes compiled reports for Hakluyt without being asked. For instance, in a September 1997 email to Hakluyt, he explained how he had "used the opportunity of visiting Hamburg to talk to two separate people within Greenpeace". In closing, he wrote: "That was your free 'mood report' supplement from Hamburg."
be no boundaries between the two. He sometimes compiled reports for
 
Hakluyt without being asked. For instance, in a September 1997 email to
 
Hakluyt, he explained how he had “used the opportunity of visiting Hamburg
 
to talk to two separate people within Greenpeace”. In closing, he wrote: “That
 
was your free ‘mood report’ supplement from Hamburg.
 
  
 
==The MI6 connection==
 
==The MI6 connection==
  
News clippings provide revealing details on the background of Hakluyt’s
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News clippings provide revealing details on the background of Hakluyt's
 
founders. [[Christopher James]] and [[Mike Reynolds]] are both former members of
 
founders. [[Christopher James]] and [[Mike Reynolds]] are both former members of
the British foreign service. Ex-MI6 chief [[David Spedding|Spedding]] is said to have given his blessing to Hakluyt as a company, as is the foreign secretary..{{ref|STimes3}}
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the British foreign service. Ex-MI6 chief [[David Spedding|Spedding]] is said to have given his blessing to Hakluyt as a company, as is the foreign secretary..<ref>Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford [http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0617-01.htm MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups] The Sunday Times of London, 17 June 2001.</ref>
Reynolds founded MI6’s counter-terrorism branch and was the foreign
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Reynolds founded MI6's counter-terrorism branch and was the foreign
service’s head of station in Berlin. This explains his impeccable spoken and
+
service's head of station in Berlin. This explains his impeccable spoken and
 
written German and may also be the way he got to know Manfred
 
written German and may also be the way he got to know Manfred
 
Schlickenrieder. The newly appointed head of MI6, [[Richard Dearlove]], is a
 
Schlickenrieder. The newly appointed head of MI6, [[Richard Dearlove]], is a
close friend of his.{{ref|IntelN}}
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close friend of his.<ref>"Business Intelligence Notes: UK", Intelligence Newsletter, No. 364, 26 Aug. 26, 1999, p. 3.</ref>
  
 
James led a section of MI6 that liaised with British firms. Over his 20-
 
James led a section of MI6 that liaised with British firms. Over his 20-
year career he got to know the heads of many of Britain’s top companies. In
+
year career he got to know the heads of many of Britain's top companies. In
 
return for a few tips that helped them compete in the market, he persuaded
 
return for a few tips that helped them compete in the market, he persuaded
 
them to pass on intelligence from their overseas operations, industry sources
 
them to pass on intelligence from their overseas operations, industry sources
 
told Management Today. After the Cold War, James argued that MI6 should
 
told Management Today. After the Cold War, James argued that MI6 should
 
expand this role. But others in the organization feared this could be mistaken
 
expand this role. But others in the organization feared this could be mistaken
for ‘economic espionage’. He left MI6 in 1995, taking his intelligence work
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for 'economic espionage'. He left MI6 in 1995, taking his intelligence work
private.{{ref|Ruff}}
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private.<ref>Nicholas Rufford, 'Cloak and Dagger Ltd: Former spies of the Cold War era engage in industrial espionage', Management Today, 1 Feb. 1999, p. 9.</ref>
  
Hakluyt’s management board is a display case for the kind of reputation
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Hakluyt's management board is a display case for the kind of reputation
the company is aiming for. One member was Ian Fleming’s model for James
+
the company is aiming for. One member was Ian Fleming's model for James
 
Bond—the former soldier, spy and diplomat Sir [[Fitzroy Maclean]]. And the
 
Bond—the former soldier, spy and diplomat Sir [[Fitzroy Maclean]]. And the
 
company is linked to the oil industry through Sir [[William Purves]], CEO of
 
company is linked to the oil industry through Sir [[William Purves]], CEO of
Line 190: Line 93:
 
ties to MI6: its director of government and public affairs, John
 
ties to MI6: its director of government and public affairs, John
 
Gerson, was at one time a leading candidate to succeed Sir David Spedding
 
Gerson, was at one time a leading candidate to succeed Sir David Spedding
as chief of MI6.{{ref|STimes3}}
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as chief of MI6.<ref>Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford [http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0617-01.htm MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups] The Sunday Times of London, 17 June 2001.</ref>
  
It is important that NGOs and other pressure groups trying to assess possible
+
It is important that NGOs and other pressure groups trying to assess possible threats remember the close ties between risk assessment companies and the government intelligence community. Some larger and older companies, such as [[Control Risks]], may have grown away from direct links to government, which could explain the market for new agencies with more recent connections, like Hakluyt. Such firms have the necessary knowledge and techniques at their disposal, either through their own experience, their staff 's experience, or direct contacts. This can have consequences for the way they investigate their clients' adversaries; as in the Schlickenrieder case, they might use infiltrators posing as activists or dedicated journalists, and they might have access to classified intelligence information. The specialty of privatized spying shops goes beyond PR consulting or spin doctoring into the rather vague terrain of intelligence operations, which can be used in both gathering information and setting up stings.
threats remember the close ties between risk assessment companies and
 
the government intelligence community. Some larger and older companies,
 
such as [[Control Risks]], may have grown away from direct links to government,
 
which could explain the market for new agencies with more recent connections,
 
like Hakluyt. Such firms have the necessary knowledge and techniques
 
at their disposal, either through their own experience, their staff ’s experience,
 
or direct contacts. This can have consequences for the way they investigate
 
their clients’ adversaries; as in the Schlickenrieder case, they might use infiltrators
 
posing as activists or dedicated journalists, and they might have access
 
to classified intelligence information. The specialism of privatized spying
 
shops goes beyond PR consulting or spin doctoring into the rather vague
 
terrain of intelligence operations, which can be used in both gathering information
 
and setting up stings.
 
  
 
==From the Financial Times to Hakluyt==
 
==From the Financial Times to Hakluyt==
  
According to Intelligence Online, [[Mark Huband]] joined Hakluyt in the summer of 2006, after a long career in journalism
+
Award-winning reporter [[Mark Huband]] joined Hakluyt in the summer of 2006, after a long career in journalism
in the United Kingdom - he worked for the Guardian, Times and Financial Times. Huband had long specialized in Africa and the Middle East, where he was based for years for the Times and Guardian (he was one of the few newsmen to cover the American intervention in Somalia in 1993). Since 2003 he had reported on defense, security and terrorism for the Financial Times. Huband, who left the newspaper last year, won't be the first journalist to work for Hakluyt, Intelligence Online knows. A number of former British and Australian newspaper and television correspondents are - or have been -on its payroll.{{ref|IntelOnl}}
+
in the United Kingdom - he worked for the ''Guardian'', ''The Times'' and the ''Financial Times'' (FT). Huband had long specialised in Africa and the Middle East, where he was based for years for the ''Times'' and ''Guardian'' (he was one of the few newsmen to cover the American intervention in Somalia in 1993). Since 2003 he had reported on defense, security and terrorism for the FT. Huband, who left the newspaper in 2005, won't be the first journalist to work for Hakluyt, according to Intelligence Online. A number of former British and Australian newspaper and television correspondents are - or have been - on its payroll.<ref>Business Intelligence and lobbying, No. 527, 7 July 2006 [http://www.IntelligenceOnline.com Intelligence Online]</ref>
  
==New labour links==
+
==New Labour links==
  
[[Demos]]&#39; [[Ian Hargreaves]] is on the board of the [[Centre for European Reform]] with Baroness [[Elizabeth Smith]] - the wife of the late Labour leader.  Between 98 and 2000, Smith was on the board of [[Hakluyt]] who spied on environmental groups for oil companies, including [[BP]].  Smith is an advisor for [[BP Scotland]].  Hargreaves is on the board of [[Greenpeace]] and [[Haykluyt]] spied on Greenpeace.  If you look at the others on the CER board you see [[BP]] well represented.  [[Shell]] fund [[Demos]] and their offices are across the road.  Demos Trustee, [[Andrew Mackenzie]] is their Treasurer and also [[BP]] group vice president for chemicals.  [[Hakluyt]] also spied on [[Anita Roddick]]&#39;s &#39;[[Body Shop]]&#39; and Roddick is also on the [[Demos]] Board.{{ref|STimes2}}
+
[[Demos]]' [[Ian Hargreaves]] is on the board of the [[Centre for European Reform]] with Baroness [[Elizabeth Smith]] - the wife of the late Labour leader.  Between 98 and 2000, Smith was on the board of Hakluyt who spied on environmental groups for oil companies, including BP.  Smith is an advisor for [[BP Scotland]].  Hargreaves is on the board of [[Greenpeace]] and Hakluyt spied on Greenpeace.  If you look at the others on the CER board you see BP well represented.  Shell fund Demos and their offices are across the road.  Demos Trustee, [[Andrew Mackenzie]] is their Treasurer and also [[BP]] group vice president for chemicals.  Hakluyt also spied on [[Anita Roddick]]'s '[[Body Shop]]'- Roddick too was on the Demos Board.<ref>Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford, MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups, The Sunday Times of London, 17 June 2001.</ref>
  
 
==People==
 
==People==
 +
The following list is compiled from various sources.<ref>References for the Hakluyt People section
 +
* Forward charge Financial Times, August 11, 1995
 +
* Fitzroy MacLean's Legacy, Intelligence Newsletter, October 17, 1996
 +
* Lord Trotman and Sir William Purves join Hakluyt Financial Times, September 13, 1999,
 +
* Moving places Hakluyt and Company, Financial Times, January 11, 2001
 +
* Moving places Frank Wisner, Financial Times, August 7, 2001
 +
* Annual Report BT group, Nov 2001 at http://www.groupbt.com/report/dir_rep_gov/board/
 +
* BT Group PLC - Board Changes, the Independent, January 7, 2002
 +
* Moving places Lord Alex Trotman, Financial Times, March 22, 2002,
 +
* Moving places Hakluyt Foundation, Financial Times, October 21, 2002
 +
* Hakluyt Loses One of Its Mentors Intelligence Online May 20, 2005
 +
* RUTH SULLIVAN, Change of guard at Hakluyt,Financial Times, England, February 7, 2006
 +
* Hakluyt Founder Calls it a Day, Intelligence Online, February 10, 2006
 +
* The Indian Ocean Newsletter July 29, 2006
 +
* From the Financial Times to Hakluyt, Intelligence Online, July 7, 2006
 +
* The Indian Ocean Newsletter, July 29, 2006</ref> The table is compiled from filings at UK Companies House.
  
 
===Hakluyt & Company Ltd===
 
===Hakluyt & Company Ltd===
  
*[[Peter Cazalet]]
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="right" align="right" width="60%">
:former vice president of BP (before 1995)
+
<tr>
:1995 founder of Hakluyt with [[Christopher James]]
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Name of Board Member</th>
:2000 retired from Hakluyt
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Stated occupation</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Date of Appointment</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Date of resignation</th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[George Edward Dobell Nottingham]]</td>
 +
<td>Director (Hakluyt)</td>
 +
<td align="center">19 June 2012</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Roger Hart]]</td>
 +
<td>Director (Hakluyt)</td>
 +
<td align="center">3 October 2011</td>
 +
<td align="center">19 June 2012</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[A G Secretarial]] Limited</td>
 +
<td>Director (Hakluyt)</td>
 +
<td align="center">3 October 2011</td>
 +
<td align="center">19 June 2012</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Inhoco Formations]] Limited</td>
 +
<td>Director (Hakluyt)</td>
 +
<td align="center">3 October 2011</td>
 +
<td align="center">19 June 2012</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[George Edward Dobell Nottingham]]</td>
 +
<td>Secretary</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 December 2009</td>
 +
<td align="center">2 September 2013</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Keith Craig]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">24 January 2002</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Mark Getty]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">26 May 2005</td>
 +
<td align="center">26 October 2011</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Kieran Prendergast]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 March 2007</td>
 +
<td align="center">28 February 2013</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Robert Webb]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">20 October 2005</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[John Rose]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 2012</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[John Matthew Williams]]</td>
 +
<td> Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 2012</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Susan Stafford]]</td>
 +
<td>Secretary</td>
 +
<td align="center">15 December 1997</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 December 2009 </td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[David Anthony Baker]]</td>
 +
<td> Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">15 December 1997</td>
 +
<td align="center">18 August 1998</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Peter Cazalet]]</td>
 +
<td> Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 1998</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 December 1999</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Jeremy Connell]]</td>
 +
<td> Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 1998</td>
 +
<td align="center">6 April 1999</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Simon Ellis]]</td>
 +
<td> Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">20 October 2006</td>
 +
<td align="center">22 March 2007</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Paul Getty]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">8 August 2002</td>
 +
<td align="center">17 April 2003</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Victoria Getty]]</td>
 +
<td> Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 September 2003</td>
 +
<td align="center">23 November 2004</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Rupert Huxter]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 December 2004</td>
 +
<td align="center">22 March 2007</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Christopher James]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 1998</td>
 +
<td align="center">27 January 2006</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Hans Peter Keitel]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 July 2007</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 July 2007</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Jeremy Connell]],
+
<tr>
:former diplomat and business development manager for a law firm,
+
<td>[[Michael Maclay]]</td>
:joined Hakluyt in 1995
+
<td> Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 1998</td>
 +
<td align="center">30 June 2002</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Keith Craig]] (44 yo in 2006)
+
<tr>
:2000 joined Hakluyt, was director responsible for marketing and second man before taking over from James:
+
<td>[[William Purves]]</td>
:2006 managing director
+
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 2000</td>
 +
<td align="center">27 November 2008</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*Sir [[Brian Cubbon]]
+
<tr>
:former permanent secretary at the Home Office and Northern Ireland Office
+
<td>[[Mike Reynolds]]</td>
:1987 was a candidate to head the Secret Service.
+
<td>Director</td>
:1995 One of the founders of Hakluyt
+
<td align="center">1 January 1998</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 May 2004</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*Sir [[Paul Getty]]  
+
<tr>
:grand-son of the late American oil tycoon.
+
<td>[[John Weston]],</td>
:2002 became a non-executive director of Hakluyt.
+
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 2001</td>
 +
<td align="center">28 February 2007</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*Sir [[Anthony Hammond]],
+
<tr>
: paid legal adviser to Hakluyt
+
<td>[[Niall William Arthur Fitzgerald]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 September 2008</td>
 +
<td align="center">23 July 2013</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Mark Hubband]]
+
<tr>
:2006 award winning journalist from FT to join Hakluyt
+
<td>[[Charles Olver]]</td>
* [[Rupert Huxter]]
+
<td>Secretary </td>
:was Peter Mandelson's secretary when he was Minister of International Trade under Tony Blair
+
<td align="center">2 September 2013</td>
:and then worked as scientific councillor at the British embassy in Paris.
+
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Lord Inge]]
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[London Law Services]] Limited</td>
 +
<td>Nominated Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">15 December 1997</td>
 +
<td align="center">15 December 1997</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Christopher James]]
+
</table>
:formerly in charge of MI6's business relations.
 
:1995 founder of Hakluyt with [[Peter Cazalet]]
 
:2006 retired as managing director (turned 60 in January 2006)
 
:2006 joining Hakluyt International Advisory Board
 
  
*[[Earl Jellicoe]]  
+
*[[Peter Cazalet]], former vice president of BP (before 1995). In 1995 co-founded Hakluyt with [[Christopher James]]. Retired in 2000.
:was head of a committee to reform intelligence and security under the Thatcher government
 
:reportedly 'provided early encouragement' to Hakluyt){{ref|ove}}
 
  
*[[Michael Maclay]] 1997 - 2003
+
*[[Charles Kirwan-Taylor]], former chief executive at hedge fund firm [[RAB Capital]], joined Hakluyt in April 2012. <ref>Harriet Agnew and Vivek Ahuja [http://www.efinancialnews.com/story/2012-04-16/ex-rab-chief-comes-in-from-the-cold Ex-RAB chief comes in from the cold], 6 Apr 2012 Financial News, acc 10 Feb 2014 </ref>
:a former special advisor to the minister for foreign affairs under John Major,
 
:1997 to 2003 was one of Hakluyt's mainstays
 
:2003 founded his own firm, [[Montrose Associates]].
 
  
*[[William Purves]]  
+
*[[Jeremy Connell]], former diplomat and business development manager for a law firm. Joined Hakluyt in 1995.
:Chairman in 1999
+
*[[Keith Craig]] (44 yo in 2006). Joined Hakluyt in 2000 and was director responsible for marketing and second man before taking over from James. Was managing director in 2006.
 +
*Sir [[Brian Cubbon]]. One of the founders of Hakluyt in 1995. Former permanent secretary at the [[Home Office]] and [[Northern Ireland Office]]. In 1987 was a candidate to head the Secret Service.
 +
*Sir [[Paul Getty]], grandson of the late American oil tycoon. In 2002 became a non-executive director of Hakluyt.
 +
*Sir [[Anthony Hammond]], paid legal adviser to Hakluyt
 +
*[[Mark Huband]]. Joined Hakluyt in 2006. Award winning journalist from the FT.
 +
*[[Rupert Huxter]], was [[Peter Mandelson]]'s secretary when he was Minister of International Trade under [[Tony Blair]] and then worked as scientific councillor at the British embassy in Paris.
 +
*[[Christopher James]], formerly in charge of MI6's business relations. Co-founder of Hakluyt with [[Peter Cazalet]] in 1995. In 2006 retired as managing director (turned 60 in January 2006) and joined Hakluyt International Advisory Board
 +
*[[Earl Jellicoe]], was head of a committee to reform intelligence and security under the Thatcher government. Reportedly 'provided early encouragement' to Hakluyt).<ref>Stephen Overell, [http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/a-list/2002w34/msg00011.htm Masters of the great game turn to business], [[Financial Times]], 22 March 2000.</ref>
 +
*[[Michael Maclay]] 1997 - 2003, a former special advisor to the minister for foreign affairs under John Major. From 1997 to 2003 was one of Hakluyt's mainstays. In 2003 founded his own firm, [[Montrose Associates]].
 +
*[[William Purves]], chairman in 1999
 +
*[[Mike Reynolds]], former station head of MI6 in Germany. in 1995 joined Hakluyt
 +
*[[Tom Rhodes]], was senior executive of Hakluyt, moved to become chief operating officer, [[Montrose Associates]] set up by Hakluyt colleage [[Michael Maclay]]. Rhodes is a former New York Bureau Chief of ''The Sunday Times'' and Washington Correspondent for [[The Times]] and Managing Director International of New York technology company, [[Exceed]].
  
*[[Mike Reynolds]]  
+
*[[John Weston]], a non-executive director of Hakluyt & Co in 2000 and 2001 and a member of the Hakluyt Foundation, succeeding Sir [[Brian Cubbon]].
:former station head of MI6 in Germany,  
+
*[[Christopher Wilkins]], former member of the Welsh Guards and businessman. Worked with Hakluyt from 1995-96. Donated £10,000 to the Scottish anti-independence campaign in 2013
:1995 joined Hakluyt
+
*[[Paul Deighton]], former commercial secretary to the Treasury, became non-executive director in December 2015  <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/deighton-lord-commercial-secretary-to-the-treasury-acoba-recommendation--2/summary-of-business-appointments-applications-lord-deighton Lord Paul Deighton Business Appointments ACOBA], ''Gov.uk'', accessed 17 February 2016</ref>
  
*[[Tom Rhodes]]
+
====Other Staff====
 +
*[[Clare Wijeratne]], worked for the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] as British Consulate-General in Hong Kong and first secretary to the British High Commission in Delhi. Now an executive at Hakluyt.
 +
*[[Nicolas Pierret]], strategy consultant at Hakluyt in Singapore.
 +
*[[Mark Hanson]], former captain in the British Army, worked for the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], ex-director of the [[Modern Pentathlon Association of Great Britain]] and former deputy chairman of [[UK Sport]]. Now partner at Hakluyt.
  
*[[John Weston (ex UK diplomat)|John Weston]]  
+
====Former Staff====
:a non-executive director of Hakluyt & Co in 2000 and 2001 and  
+
*[[Nick Barnes]], former public affairs consultant at [[Hill and Knowlton]], former diplomat for the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], ex-consultant for Hakluyt. Now a partner at [[Pelorus Research]].
:member of the Hakluyt Foundation, succeeding Sir [[Brian Cubbon]].  
+
*[[Gordon Rainey]], senior associate at [[GPW]] and a former executive at Hakluyt and [[Pelorus Research]].
  
*[[Christopher Wilkins]]
+
===The Hakluyt Foundation/Holdingham International Advisory Board ===
:former member of the Welsh Guards and businessman.
 
:with Hakluyt from 1995-96
 
  
===The Hakluyt Foundation, the supervisory board ===
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="right" align="right" width="60%">
 +
<tr>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Name of Board Member</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Stated occupation</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Date of Appointment</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Date of resignation</th>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Christopher Gent]] ,
+
<tr>
:ex CEO of [[Vodaphone]]
+
<td>[[George Edward Dobell Nottingham]]</td>
:2005 joined Hakluyt
+
<td>Secretary </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 March 2010</td>
 +
<td align="center">25 September 2013</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Peter Holmes]]  
+
<tr>
:former [[Shell]] senior managing director and chairman,
+
<td>[[Roy Anderson]]</td>
:1997 joined Hakluyt and took over as President of the Foundation after the death of McLean
+
<td>Director </td>
:??until 2004
+
<td align="center">1 December 2009</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Lord [[Peter Inge]],
 
:former chief of the Defence Staff
 
:1999 joined Hakluyt Foundation
 
:also on the board of [[Aegis]]
 
  
*[[Martin Kohlhaussen]]  
+
<tr>
:(former?) executive director of [[Commerzbank]]
+
<td>[[William Bradley]]</td>
:2002 joining the supervisory board of Hakluyt & Co
+
<td>Director</td>
:(or was he stillchairman of the [[Commerzbank]] supervisory board when he joined Hakluyt?)
+
<td align="center">16 November 2005</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Fitzroy Maclean]]  
+
<tr>
:1995 one of the founders
+
<td>[[Alexander Downer]]</td>
:1997 until he died
+
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 May 2008</td>
 +
<td align="center">28 August 2014</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Minoru Makihara]]
+
<tr>
:former chairman of [[Mitsubishi]] Corporation,
+
<td>[[Hans Peter Keitel]]</td>
:2004 joined the international advisory board of Hakluyt.
+
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 July 2007</td>
 +
<td align="center">28 August 2014</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Sir William Purves]], born December 27, 1931.
+
<tr>
:1968-1998 chairman of [[HSBC Holdings]]
+
<td>[[Minoru Makihara]]</td>
:1994 to 1997 chairman of [[Midland Bank]]
+
<td>Director</td>
:1999 joined the Hakluyt Foundation
+
<td align="center">10 June 2004</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Robin Renwick]]  
+
<tr>
:2000- at least until 2005
+
<td>[[David Manning]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 May 2008</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 2012</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Sir [[Ralph Robins]],
+
<tr>
:2002 retiring as chairman of both [[Cable & Wireless]] and [[Rolls-Royce]]
+
<td>[[William Purves]]</td>
:2002 joining the supervisory board of Hakluyt & Co
+
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">18 August 1999</td>
 +
<td align="center">30 November 2012</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Elizabeth Smith]]  
+
<tr>
:until the end of 2002
+
<td>[[Ralph Robins]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">21 October 2002</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Lord Trotman]]
+
<tr>
:former board member of [[IBM]], [[Ford]] and New York Stock Exchange.
+
<td>[[Don Argus]]</td>
:2002 president of the Hakluyt Foundation in succession to Sir Peter Holmes,
+
<td>Director</td>
:2005 died in May
+
<td align="center">1 September 2010</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[John Weston]]  
+
<tr>
:former non-executive director of Hakluyt, former British ambassador to NATO and the UN
+
<td>[[Manvinder Singh Banga]]</td>
:2005 joined Hakluyt
+
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 December 2010</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
*[[Frank Wisner]]  
+
<tr>
:former US under-secretary of state for international security affairs
+
<td>[[Edward Neville Isdell]]</td>
:served as ambassador to India, the Philippines, Egypt and Zambia.
+
<td>Director</td>
:a vice-chairman of [[AIG]] and
+
<td align="center">1 September 2010</td>
:director of [[EOG Resources]], formerly known as [[Enron]] Oil and Gas.
+
<td align="center">22 April 2013</td>
 +
</tr>
  
=== Resources for the Hakluyt People section ===
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Javier Solana]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 November 2010</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Forward charge Financial Times, August 11, 1995
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Susan Stafford]]</td>
 +
<td>Secretary </td>
 +
<td align="center">11 December 2001</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 March 2010</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Sir [[Peter Cazalet]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 June 1997</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 December 2000</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Sir [[Brian Cubbon]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">17 August 1995</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 January 2006</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Rod Eddington]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">16 November 2005</td>
 +
<td align="center">15 October 2008</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Fitzroy MacLean's Legacy, Intelligence Newsletter, October 17, 1996
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Christopher Gent]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">1 February 2004</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 January 2006</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Lord Trotman and Sir William Purves join Hakluyt Financial Times, September 13, 1999,
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Peter Holmes]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">30 September 1997</td>
 +
<td align="center">8 March 2002</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Moving places Hakluyt and Company, Financial Times, January 11, 2001
+
<tr>
 +
<td>Lord [[Peter Inge]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 November 1999</td>
 +
<td align="center">12 February 2004</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Moving places Frank Wisner, Financial Times, August 7, 2001
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Christopher James]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">26 April 2006</td>
 +
<td align="center">24 October 2008</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Annual Report BT group, Nov 2001 at http://www.groupbt.com/report/dir_rep_gov/board/
+
<tr>
 +
<td>Earl [[George Jellicoe]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">17 August 1995</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 December 1999</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* BT Group PLC - Board Changes, the Independent, January 7, 2002  
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Martin Kohlhaussen]]</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">21 October 2002</td>
 +
<td align="center">5 June 2009</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Moving places Lord Alex Trotman, Financial Times, March 22, 2002,
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Carl Reichardt]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 2003</td>
 +
<td align="center">4 May 2005</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Moving places Hakluyt Foundation, Financial Times, October 21, 2002
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Robin Renwick]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 July 2000</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 March 2008</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Hakluyt Loses One of Its Mentors Intelligence Online May 20, 2005
+
<tr>
 +
<td>Baroness [[Elizabeth Smith]] of Gilmorehill</td>
 +
<td>Director </td>
 +
<td align="center">26 August 1998</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 December 2000</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* RUTH SULLIVAN, Change of guard at Hakluyt,Financial Times, England, February 7, 2006
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Lord Trotman]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">18 August 1999</td>
 +
<td align="center">25 April 2005</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* Hakluyt Founder Calls it a Day, Intelligence Online, February 10, 2006
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Ratan Tata]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 January 2013</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* The Indian Ocean Newsletter July 29, 2006
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Niall William Arthur Fitzgerald]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">23 July 2013</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* From the Financial Times to Hakluyt, Intelligence Online, July 7, 2006
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Charles Olver]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">2 September 2013</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
* The Indian Ocean Newsletter, July 29, 2006
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Akio Mimura]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 July 2013</td>
 +
<td align="center">N/A</td>
 +
</tr>
  
==Notes==
+
<tr>
 +
<td>[[Laing of Dunphail]]</td>
 +
<td>Director</td>
 +
<td align="center">1 June 1997</td>
 +
<td align="center">31 December 1998</td>
 +
</tr>
  
#{{note|FTimes}} Stephen Overell, [http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/a-list/2002w34/msg00011.htm Masters of the great game turn to business], Financial Times, March 22,2000.
+
</table>
#{{note|MMaclay}} Michael Maclay, ‘Recruiting Political Scientists’, presentation at Academia Meets Business conference, Leiden, the Netherlands, July 2-3, 1999
 
#{{note|online}}Fitzroy MacLean's Legacy, Intelligence Newsletter, October 17, 1996, [http://www.IntelligenceOnline.com Intelligence Online].
 
#{{note|FinTimes}}Forward charge, Financial Times (London) August 11, 1995.
 
#{{note|STimes2}}Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford [http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0617-01.htm MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups] The Sunday Times of London, June 17, 2001.
 
#{{note|Aufbau}} See the [http://www.geocities.com/aufbaulist/Gruppe2/Gruppe2.htm Aufbau.org website]
 
#{{note|STimes1}} Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford [http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0617-01.htm MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups] The Sunday Times of London, June 17, 2001. His hidden agenda may have been to find out who was behind violent attacks on petrol stations following a boycott in Germany. Mike Hogan, Shell UK head of media relations, claimed in a personal phone call in July 2001 that this was what they had hired Hakluyt for. But there are no reports of Schlickenrieder approaching more radical groups, nor hinting at such subjects, from people he did speak to.
 
#{{note|TAZ}}Otto Diederichs and Holger Stark, [http://www.geocities.com/aufbaulist/Gruppe2/Kommentare/Greenpeace.htm Greenpeace, Das Auge der Multis], Die Tageszeitung, 10 December, 2000.
 
#{{note|Tinto}}See ‘About Us’ section at [http://www.riotinto.com Rio Tinto website]
 
#{{note|TintoAufbau}}Evidence that Schlickenrieder researched Rio Tinto is unpublished and is in the hands of members of Revolutionaire Aufbau, who exposed him.
 
#{{note|Thomas}}Thomas Scheuer, [http://www.libertad.de/inhalt/spezial/gruppe2/focus120201.shtml Enttarnung im Internet], Focus, Feb. 12, 2001, and personal conversation with Otto Diederichs/TAZ.
 
#{{note|STimes3}} Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford [http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0617-01.htm MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups] The Sunday Times of London, June 17, 2001.
 
#{{note|IntelN}}‘Business Intelligence Notes: UK’, Intelligence Newsletter, No. 364, Aug. 26, 1999, p. 3.
 
#{{note|Ruff}} Nicholas Rufford, ‘Cloak and Dagger Ltd: Former spies of the Cold War era engage in industrial espionage’, Management Today, Feb. 1, 1999, p. 9.
 
#{{note|STimes3}} Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford [http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0617-01.htm MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups] The Sunday Times of London, June 17, 2001.
 
#{{note|ove}} Stephen Overell, [http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/a-list/2002w34/msg00011.htm Masters of the great game turn to business], Financial Times, March 22,2000.
 
#{{note|BTAnnual}}[http://www.groupbt.com/Sharesandperformance/Annualreportandreview/Annualreports/Annualreportsarchive.htm Annual Report BT, 2000 and 2001.]
 
#{{note|FTimes2}} Stephen Overell, [http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/a-list/2002w34/msg00011.htm Masters of the great game turn to business], Financial Times, March 22,2000.
 
#{{note|IntelOnl}} Business Inteligence and lobbying, No. 527, July 7, 2006 [http://www.IntelligenceOnline.com Intelligence Online ]
 
#{{note|Willcock}} John Willcock 'People & Business: Maharishi gets a flexible friend' The Independent (London) August 14, 1998, Friday, Page 21.
 
  
==Resources==
+
*[[Christopher Gent]], ex CEO of [[Vodaphone]] joined Hakluyt in 2005
 +
*[[Peter Holmes]], former [[Shell]] senior managing director and chairman, in 1997 joined Hakluyt and took over as President of the Foundation after the death of McLean in 1997 until 2004
 +
*Lord [[Peter Inge]], former chief of the Defence Staff in 1999 joined Hakluyt Foundation. Also sits on the board of security consultancy [[Aegis]]
 +
*[[Fitzroy Maclean]], one of the 1995 founders until he died in 1997
 +
*[[Minoru Makihara]], former chairman of [[Mitsubishi]] Corporation. In 2004 joined the international advisory board of Hakluyt.
 +
*[[William Purves]], born December 27, 1931. Joined the Hakluyt Foundation in 1999. Former banker was from 1968-1998 chairman of [[HSBC Holdings]], from 1994 to 1997 chairman of [[Midland Bank]]
 +
*[[Robin Renwick]] joined in 2000 - at least until 2005
 +
*Sir [[Ralph Robins]], joined supervisory board of Hakluyt & Co in 2002 retiring as chairman of both [[Cable & Wireless]] and [[Rolls-Royce]]
 +
*Sir [[John Rose]] - former chief executive of [[Rolls-Royce]], joined 2012
 +
*[[Elizabeth Smith]]  - until the end of 2002
 +
*[[Lord Trotman]] - former board member of [[IBM]], [[Ford]] and New York Stock Exchange. Was in 2002 president of the Hakluyt Foundation in succession to Sir Peter Holmes. Died 2005 in May
 +
*[[John Weston]] former non-executive director of Hakluyt, former British ambassador to NATO and the UN in 2005 joined Hakluyt
 +
*[[Frank Wisner]], former US under-secretary of state for international security affairs, served as ambassador to India, the Philippines, Egypt and Zambia.  Was a vice-chairman of [[AIG]] and director of [[EOG Resources]], formerly known as [[Enron]] Oil and Gas.
 +
*[[Mustafa V. Koç]], Chairman of the board of [[Koç Holding]] A.Ş. Joined the [[Holdingham International Advisory Board]] 9 September 2014.<ref> [http://www.holdingham.com/advisory_board Holdingham Advisory Board]] Holdingham, Undated, 25 September 2014 </ref>
 +
====Former directors====
 +
*[[David Manning]] - former British Ambassador to the US, joined Hakluyt 2008-2012.  Non-executive director of arms firm [[Lockheed Martin]] UK Holdings Ltd.
 +
*[[Kieran Prendergast]], non-executive director, 1 Mar 2007-28 Feb 2013, THE HOLDINGHAM INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD
 +
*[[Martin Kohlhaussen]], former CEO (May 1991-May 2001) and member of the supervisory board (May 2001-May 2008) of [[Commerzbank]]. Joined the supervisory board of Hakluyt & Co in 2002.
  
 +
==Contact, References and Resources==
 +
===Contact===
 +
===Resources===
 
* [http://www.geocities.com/aufbaulist/Gruppe2/Gruppe2.htm Aufbau.org website] Revolutionären Aufbau is the Swiss group that exposed Manfred Schlickenrieder. The website dedicated to the research contains a lot of documentation, both sources material and press clippings (mostly in German).  
 
* [http://www.geocities.com/aufbaulist/Gruppe2/Gruppe2.htm Aufbau.org website] Revolutionären Aufbau is the Swiss group that exposed Manfred Schlickenrieder. The website dedicated to the research contains a lot of documentation, both sources material and press clippings (mostly in German).  
  
 
* In Dutch: [http://www.evel.nl/index.htm#multi Geheim agent ontmaskerd]
 
* In Dutch: [http://www.evel.nl/index.htm#multi Geheim agent ontmaskerd]
 +
:Januari 2001 werd de linkse Duitse filmer Manfred Schlickenrieder na twintig jaar ontmaskerd als spion van inlichtingendiensten. Hij was de grote man van Gruppe 2, een video- en documentatiecentrum dat diende als front voor een inlichtingennetwerk. Schlickenrieder was ook in Nederland actief, bijvoorbeeld om acties tegen Shell in de gaten te houden. Dat onderzoek werd betaald door de Londense firma Hackluyt, een consortium van voormalige agenten van MI6. Vier langere achtergrondstukken hierover op [http://www.evel.nl/index.htm#multi www.evel.nl]
  
Januari 2001 werd de linkse Duitse filmer Manfred Schlickenrieder na twintig jaar ontmaskerd als spion van inlichtingendiensten. Hij was de grote man van Gruppe 2, een video- en documentatiecentrum dat diende als front voor een inlichtingennetwerk. Schlickenrieder was ook in Nederland actief, bijvoorbeeld om acties tegen Shell in de gaten te houden. Dat onderzoek werd betaald door de Londense firma Hackluyt, een consortium van voormalige agenten van MI6. Vier langere achtergrondstukken hierover op [http://www.evel.nl/index.htm#multi www.evel.nl]
+
===References===
 +
<references/>
 +
[[Category:Corporate Espionage]][[Category:Security Industry]]

Latest revision as of 07:48, 10 August 2017

Quintessentially British: Hakluyt at Tea (L-R Christopher James, Mike Reynolds and Michael Maclay)
"The idea was to do for industry what we had done for the government"
— Hakluyt co-founder Christopher James[1]

Hakluyt & Company Ltd, a London business intelligence bureau named after a 16th-century geographer and economic intelligence specialist avant la lettre, was founded in 1995 by former members of the British foreign secret service. In 2011 Hakluyt became a trading name of a renamed company Holdingham Group Limited.[2] Holdingham also created Pelorus Research as another trading name of the Group in the same year.[3]

Hakluyt fills a niche in the intelligence sector by specializing in upmarket business, with which it has been very successful. The company started in a one room office in 1995; in 2001 it claimed its clients included one-quarter of FTSE 100 companies. In its brochure, Hakluyt promises to find information for its clients which they "will not receive by the usual government, media and commercial routes". The company tries to distinguish itself from other business intelligence consultants, spinmasters and clipping services. "We do not take anything off the shelf, nothing off the Net—we assume that any company worth its salt has done all of that," Hakluyt's Michael Maclay explained at a 1999 conference in the Netherlands. "We go with the judgement of people who know the countries, the élites, the industries, the local media, the local environmentalists, all the factors that will feed into big decisions being made."[4]

In December 2013 Hakluyt's managing director, Sir Keith Craig, was revealed as a donor to the Scottish anti-independence Better Together campaign, having given £10,000. One of Hakluyt's co-founders Christopher Wilkins, who is also chairman of North British Wind Energy Ltd, also gave £10,000. [5]

What is Hakluyt?

Christopher James, managing director of the foundation and a former Foreign Office hand, explains: "Richard Hakluyt was a 16th-century geographer, born in London, who sat and listened to the tales told by returning explorers such as Drake and Frobisher. Then he wrote them up as 'Hakluyt's Voyages'. He was one of the principle inspirations for the East India Company."

Hakluyt & Co (now Hakluyt Ltd) was founded by Fitzroy MacLean in 1995. Steven Dedijer (the man who largely invented modern-day business intelligence at Lund university in Sweden) watched MacLean's career between 1937 and 1995, and claimed that he "had a foot in the intelligence world since he attended Stalin's terror trials in 1937 as a member of the Foreign Office to Mikhail Gorbachev's time -- he advised Margaret Thatcher to back him -- and to the war in former Yugoslavia, in which he was in close contact with gen. Michael Rose". Maclean "acted all his life following the best British tradition dating from the 16th century as an independent intelligence operator working informally but effectively for and within the British establishment's power network.".[6]
The Financial Times called Maclean, "a highly active 84-year-old who has just brought out yet another book on Scotland, is one of those people who knows everyone, on both sides of the Atlantic," in 1995. (MacLean died of a heart attack in 1996.)[7]
In addition to MacLean, the founders of the highly discreet Hakluyt & Company were the Earl of Jellicoe, who was head of a committee to reform intelligence and security under the Thatcher government and then president of the Royal Geographic Society; and Brian Cubbon, former permanent secretary at the Home Office who was a candidate in 1987 to head the Secret Service.

The Hakluyt company

The company has a kind of supervision board, the Hakluyt foundation, headed since 1995 by the late Sir Fitzroy Maclean. He was an intrepid explorer himself who was parachuted into Yugoslavia in the Second World War to act as the Allies' main link with Tito, the partisan leader and subsequent Communist boss. Lady Smith, who also sat on this board, was a close friend of Sir Fitzroy for many years, sharing his close interest in Russia and Eastern Europe. Following Sir Fitzroy's death Sir Peter Holmes, formerly senior managing director of Royal Dutch Shell Group, took over as president of the foundation.
Since 2005 Hakluyt has been run since last year by former diplomat Keith Craig.The company is based in London's West End and only has half- a-dozen salaried staff, relying on 50 to 60 external experts to provide advice to companies.[8]

Spying exposed

Manfred Schlickenrieder apparently was one of those people who "knew the local environmentalists". For years, he posed as a leftist sympathizer and filmmaker while working as a spy for Hakluyt. His cover was blown when the Swiss action group Revolutionaire Aufbau began to distrust him. In the investigation which led to his exposure, the group uncovered a large pile of documents. Many were put online at the beginning of 2000.."[9] These documents prove Schlickenrieder was on Hakluyt's payroll—and indicate strongly that he was working for more than one German state intelligence service.

Among the documents was detailed email correspondence between Schlickenrieder and Hakluyt. There was also a DM20,000 ($9,000) invoice to Hakluyt for "Greenpeace research" including expenses, "to be paid according to agreement in the usual manner". Confronted with this material, Hakluyt reluctantly admitted having employed him. When The Sunday Times broke the story in Britain in July 2000, both BP and Shell acknowledged having hired the firm, but claimed they had been unaware of its tactics.."[10] Schlickenrieder's exposure put the spotlight on an firm that prefers to operate highly discreetly in the shadowy area of former state intelligence specialists-turned-private spies. Members of Parliament accused MI6 of using the firm as a front to spy on green activists.

Analysing archival material found in Schlickenrieder's house teaches us much about how he did his work for Hakluyt, and about oil companies' current intelligence needs.

Schlickenrieder traded on his image as a long-term devoted activist to get various information-gathering commissions. After the Brent Spar PR crisis and the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa in Nigeria, he made an inventory for Shell International of the activist agenda. Posing as a film-maker making a film about the anti-Shell campaigns, Schlickenrieder travelled around Europe, and managed to interview on film a broad spectrum of people campaigning for the Ogoni people in Nigeria. He spent months questioning all sorts of groups, and wrote to organizations ranging from Friends of the Earth to Anita Roddick's Body Shop asking about their ongoing campaigns, their future plans and the impact of their work. The project eventually resulted in a documentary video, Business as Usual: The Arrogance of Power, which gave a rather superficial insight into the European campaign against Shell. But it was only a byproduct of the investigation: every worthwhile detail was captured in a report for Hakluyt and subsequently channelled to Shell International.

Other oil companies were scared to death, too, of becoming Greenpeace's next target. BP turned to Hakluyt for help after it got wind that Greenpeace was planning its Atlantic Frontier campaign to stop oil drilling in a new part of the Atlantic. The company asked Schlickenrieder to deliver details about what was going to happen as well as assess how Greenpeace might respond to possible damage claims that could be used in an attempt to paralyse it. Hakluyt used material from other sources to complement the information about Greenpeace's plans Schlickenrieder provided. It claimed to have laid its hands on a copy of Putting the Lid on Fossil Fuels, the Greenpeace brochure meant to kick off the campaign, even before the ink was dry. BP used this inside information to polish its press and PR communications. "BP countered the campaign in an unusually fast and smart way," Greenpeace Germany spokesperson Stefan Krug told the German daily die tageszeitung/TAZ. Since it knew what was coming in advance, BP was never taken by surprise.[11]

BP also used Hakluyt to plan a counter-strategic lawsuit against Greenpeace. In a May 1997 email message to Schlickenrieder, Hakluyt's Director Mike Reynolds inquired about the possible impact of suing the environmentalists for mounting a campaign like the Brent Spar one. He asked his German spy for information on whether Greenpeace was taking legal steps to protect its assets against seizure in the event it was sued by an oil company.

The answer to that question is not among the exposed documents. However, when BP's Stena Dee oil installation in the Atlantic Ocean was occupied two months later, the company sued Greenpeace for DM4.2 million (almost $2 million) in damages, insisting its work was being delayed. BP got an injunction to block Greenpeace UK's bank accounts, which caused the group serious financial problems. (This was one of the first times an injunction was used to threaten activists with possible arrest. It has since become an increasingly popular way to stop a campaign.)

Oil activism was not Schlickenrieder's only field of activity. The Aufbau group discovered leads about research he did for Hakluyt on banks and financial takeovers. And in 1996 he started mapping resistance against Rio Tinto, which calls itself the "world leader in finding, mining and processing the Earth's mineral resources."[12]

He continued to bill Hakluyt for this research until at least spring 1999.[13]

A freelance spy

Schlickenrieder had apparently built up spying experience during years of working for Germany's domestic and foreign intelligence services, Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz and Bundesnachrichtendienst. Documents found at his home indicated he had had access to reports from them as well as the French and Italian secret services. None of the spy agencies acknowledged publicly that Schlickenrieder had been working for them; however, informed sources agreed that the agent's exposure had been a blow for the German intelligence community, as several serious papers reported. Furthermore, the Schlickenrieder case was discussed in the prime minister and parliamentary committee's weekly meeting with the German secret services—a meeting of which no minutes are ever published.[14]

Though there is evidence that they paid him, it is not known whether he was actually on the payroll; he may have been a freelance spy. The fact that he wrote detailed proposals for the government, suggesting new fields of research within the radical leftist movement, points in this direction. Whichever it was, the rewards of espionage seem to have included a spacious flat overlooking a park in Munich and a BMW Z3, the model of sports car driven by James Bond in Goldeneye. His monthly expenses were calculated at $4,500.

He became good at delivering different kinds of intelligence, from broad overviews to assessments to insider mood reports. Taking advantage of activists' trust, he developed a knack for piecing together bits and pieces of information to compile a fairly accurate picture.

He frequented meetings of radical leftist groups (including the Red Army Faction from the early 1980s until his cover was blown, and he made a documentary about violent resistance with solidarity groups and relatives of convicted comrades which featured the RAF. Another film, about Italy's Red Brigades, on which he had been working since 1985, was never finished. But stills from his video footage served as a photo database, accompanied by personal details about everybody he had met.

His ways of working for state and business were similar—there seemed to be no boundaries between the two. He sometimes compiled reports for Hakluyt without being asked. For instance, in a September 1997 email to Hakluyt, he explained how he had "used the opportunity of visiting Hamburg to talk to two separate people within Greenpeace". In closing, he wrote: "That was your free 'mood report' supplement from Hamburg."

The MI6 connection

News clippings provide revealing details on the background of Hakluyt's founders. Christopher James and Mike Reynolds are both former members of the British foreign service. Ex-MI6 chief Spedding is said to have given his blessing to Hakluyt as a company, as is the foreign secretary..[15] Reynolds founded MI6's counter-terrorism branch and was the foreign service's head of station in Berlin. This explains his impeccable spoken and written German and may also be the way he got to know Manfred Schlickenrieder. The newly appointed head of MI6, Richard Dearlove, is a close friend of his.[16]

James led a section of MI6 that liaised with British firms. Over his 20- year career he got to know the heads of many of Britain's top companies. In return for a few tips that helped them compete in the market, he persuaded them to pass on intelligence from their overseas operations, industry sources told Management Today. After the Cold War, James argued that MI6 should expand this role. But others in the organization feared this could be mistaken for 'economic espionage'. He left MI6 in 1995, taking his intelligence work private.[17]

Hakluyt's management board is a display case for the kind of reputation the company is aiming for. One member was Ian Fleming's model for James Bond—the former soldier, spy and diplomat Sir Fitzroy Maclean. And the company is linked to the oil industry through Sir William Purves, CEO of Shell Transport and chairman of Hakluyt; Sir Peter Holmes, former chairman of Shell and current president of the Hakluyt foundation (a kind of supervisory board); and Sir Peter Cazalet, the former deputy chairman of BP, who helped to establish Hakluyt before he retired in 2000. BP itself has longstanding ties to MI6: its director of government and public affairs, John Gerson, was at one time a leading candidate to succeed Sir David Spedding as chief of MI6.[18]

It is important that NGOs and other pressure groups trying to assess possible threats remember the close ties between risk assessment companies and the government intelligence community. Some larger and older companies, such as Control Risks, may have grown away from direct links to government, which could explain the market for new agencies with more recent connections, like Hakluyt. Such firms have the necessary knowledge and techniques at their disposal, either through their own experience, their staff 's experience, or direct contacts. This can have consequences for the way they investigate their clients' adversaries; as in the Schlickenrieder case, they might use infiltrators posing as activists or dedicated journalists, and they might have access to classified intelligence information. The specialty of privatized spying shops goes beyond PR consulting or spin doctoring into the rather vague terrain of intelligence operations, which can be used in both gathering information and setting up stings.

From the Financial Times to Hakluyt

Award-winning reporter Mark Huband joined Hakluyt in the summer of 2006, after a long career in journalism in the United Kingdom - he worked for the Guardian, The Times and the Financial Times (FT). Huband had long specialised in Africa and the Middle East, where he was based for years for the Times and Guardian (he was one of the few newsmen to cover the American intervention in Somalia in 1993). Since 2003 he had reported on defense, security and terrorism for the FT. Huband, who left the newspaper in 2005, won't be the first journalist to work for Hakluyt, according to Intelligence Online. A number of former British and Australian newspaper and television correspondents are - or have been - on its payroll.[19]

New Labour links

Demos' Ian Hargreaves is on the board of the Centre for European Reform with Baroness Elizabeth Smith - the wife of the late Labour leader. Between 98 and 2000, Smith was on the board of Hakluyt who spied on environmental groups for oil companies, including BP. Smith is an advisor for BP Scotland. Hargreaves is on the board of Greenpeace and Hakluyt spied on Greenpeace. If you look at the others on the CER board you see BP well represented. Shell fund Demos and their offices are across the road. Demos Trustee, Andrew Mackenzie is their Treasurer and also BP group vice president for chemicals. Hakluyt also spied on Anita Roddick's 'Body Shop'- Roddick too was on the Demos Board.[20]

People

The following list is compiled from various sources.[21] The table is compiled from filings at UK Companies House.

Hakluyt & Company Ltd

Name of Board Member Stated occupation Date of Appointment Date of resignation
George Edward Dobell Nottingham Director (Hakluyt) 19 June 2012 N/A
Roger Hart Director (Hakluyt) 3 October 2011 19 June 2012
A G Secretarial Limited Director (Hakluyt) 3 October 2011 19 June 2012
Inhoco Formations Limited Director (Hakluyt) 3 October 2011 19 June 2012
George Edward Dobell Nottingham Secretary 31 December 2009 2 September 2013
Keith Craig Director 24 January 2002 N/A
Mark Getty Director 26 May 2005 26 October 2011
Kieran Prendergast Director 1 March 2007 28 February 2013
Robert Webb Director 20 October 2005 N/A
John Rose Director 1 January 2012 N/A
John Matthew Williams Director 1 January 2012 N/A
Susan Stafford Secretary 15 December 1997 31 December 2009
David Anthony Baker Director 15 December 1997 18 August 1998
Peter Cazalet Director 1 January 1998 31 December 1999
Jeremy Connell Director 1 January 1998 6 April 1999
Simon Ellis Director 20 October 2006 22 March 2007
Paul Getty Director 8 August 2002 17 April 2003
Victoria Getty Director 1 September 2003 23 November 2004
Rupert Huxter Director 1 December 2004 22 March 2007
Christopher James Director 1 January 1998 27 January 2006
Hans Peter Keitel Director 1 July 2007 1 July 2007
Michael Maclay Director 1 January 1998 30 June 2002
William Purves Director 1 January 2000 27 November 2008
Mike Reynolds Director 1 January 1998 31 May 2004
John Weston, Director 1 January 2001 28 February 2007
Niall William Arthur Fitzgerald Director 1 September 2008 23 July 2013
Charles Olver Secretary 2 September 2013 N/A
London Law Services Limited Nominated Director 15 December 1997 15 December 1997
  • Jeremy Connell, former diplomat and business development manager for a law firm. Joined Hakluyt in 1995.
  • Keith Craig (44 yo in 2006). Joined Hakluyt in 2000 and was director responsible for marketing and second man before taking over from James. Was managing director in 2006.
  • Sir Brian Cubbon. One of the founders of Hakluyt in 1995. Former permanent secretary at the Home Office and Northern Ireland Office. In 1987 was a candidate to head the Secret Service.
  • Sir Paul Getty, grandson of the late American oil tycoon. In 2002 became a non-executive director of Hakluyt.
  • Sir Anthony Hammond, paid legal adviser to Hakluyt
  • Mark Huband. Joined Hakluyt in 2006. Award winning journalist from the FT.
  • Rupert Huxter, was Peter Mandelson's secretary when he was Minister of International Trade under Tony Blair and then worked as scientific councillor at the British embassy in Paris.
  • Christopher James, formerly in charge of MI6's business relations. Co-founder of Hakluyt with Peter Cazalet in 1995. In 2006 retired as managing director (turned 60 in January 2006) and joined Hakluyt International Advisory Board
  • Earl Jellicoe, was head of a committee to reform intelligence and security under the Thatcher government. Reportedly 'provided early encouragement' to Hakluyt).[23]
  • Michael Maclay 1997 - 2003, a former special advisor to the minister for foreign affairs under John Major. From 1997 to 2003 was one of Hakluyt's mainstays. In 2003 founded his own firm, Montrose Associates.
  • William Purves, chairman in 1999
  • Mike Reynolds, former station head of MI6 in Germany. in 1995 joined Hakluyt
  • Tom Rhodes, was senior executive of Hakluyt, moved to become chief operating officer, Montrose Associates set up by Hakluyt colleage Michael Maclay. Rhodes is a former New York Bureau Chief of The Sunday Times and Washington Correspondent for The Times and Managing Director International of New York technology company, Exceed.
  • John Weston, a non-executive director of Hakluyt & Co in 2000 and 2001 and a member of the Hakluyt Foundation, succeeding Sir Brian Cubbon.
  • Christopher Wilkins, former member of the Welsh Guards and businessman. Worked with Hakluyt from 1995-96. Donated £10,000 to the Scottish anti-independence campaign in 2013
  • Paul Deighton, former commercial secretary to the Treasury, became non-executive director in December 2015 [24]

Other Staff

Former Staff

The Hakluyt Foundation/Holdingham International Advisory Board

Name of Board Member Stated occupation Date of Appointment Date of resignation
George Edward Dobell Nottingham Secretary 1 March 2010 25 September 2013
Roy Anderson Director 1 December 2009 N/A
William Bradley Director 16 November 2005 N/A
Alexander Downer Director 1 May 2008 28 August 2014
Hans Peter Keitel Director 1 July 2007 28 August 2014
Minoru Makihara Director 10 June 2004 N/A
David Manning Director 1 May 2008 1 January 2012
William Purves Director 18 August 1999 30 November 2012
Ralph Robins Director 21 October 2002 N/A
Don Argus Director 1 September 2010 N/A
Manvinder Singh Banga Director 1 December 2010 N/A
Edward Neville Isdell Director 1 September 2010 22 April 2013
Javier Solana Director 1 November 2010 N/A
Susan Stafford Secretary 11 December 2001 1 March 2010
Sir Peter Cazalet Director 1 June 1997 31 December 2000
Sir Brian Cubbon Director 17 August 1995 31 January 2006
Rod Eddington Director 16 November 2005 15 October 2008
Christopher Gent Director 1 February 2004 31 January 2006
Peter Holmes Director 30 September 1997 8 March 2002
Lord Peter Inge Director 1 November 1999 12 February 2004
Christopher James Director 26 April 2006 24 October 2008
Earl George Jellicoe Director 17 August 1995 31 December 1999
Martin Kohlhaussen Director 21 October 2002 5 June 2009
Carl Reichardt Director 1 January 2003 4 May 2005
Robin Renwick Director 31 July 2000 31 March 2008
Baroness Elizabeth Smith of Gilmorehill Director 26 August 1998 31 December 2000
Lord Trotman Director 18 August 1999 25 April 2005
Ratan Tata Director 1 January 2013 N/A
Niall William Arthur Fitzgerald Director 23 July 2013 N/A
Charles Olver Director 2 September 2013 N/A
Akio Mimura Director 1 July 2013 N/A
Laing of Dunphail Director 1 June 1997 31 December 1998

Former directors

  • David Manning - former British Ambassador to the US, joined Hakluyt 2008-2012. Non-executive director of arms firm Lockheed Martin UK Holdings Ltd.
  • Kieran Prendergast, non-executive director, 1 Mar 2007-28 Feb 2013, THE HOLDINGHAM INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD
  • Martin Kohlhaussen, former CEO (May 1991-May 2001) and member of the supervisory board (May 2001-May 2008) of Commerzbank. Joined the supervisory board of Hakluyt & Co in 2002.

Contact, References and Resources

Contact

Resources

  • Aufbau.org website Revolutionären Aufbau is the Swiss group that exposed Manfred Schlickenrieder. The website dedicated to the research contains a lot of documentation, both sources material and press clippings (mostly in German).
Januari 2001 werd de linkse Duitse filmer Manfred Schlickenrieder na twintig jaar ontmaskerd als spion van inlichtingendiensten. Hij was de grote man van Gruppe 2, een video- en documentatiecentrum dat diende als front voor een inlichtingennetwerk. Schlickenrieder was ook in Nederland actief, bijvoorbeeld om acties tegen Shell in de gaten te houden. Dat onderzoek werd betaald door de Londense firma Hackluyt, een consortium van voormalige agenten van MI6. Vier langere achtergrondstukken hierover op www.evel.nl

References

  1. Stephen Overell, Masters of the great game turn to business, Financial Times, 22 March 2000.
  2. James Quinn Sir John Rose joins intelligence specialist Hakluyt Daily Telegraph, 10:05PM GMT 25 Feb 2012
  3. Pelorus Research About Us, accessed 2 August 2012
  4. Michael Maclay, 'Recruiting Political Scientists', presentation at Academia Meets Business conference, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2-3 July 1999
  5. Andrew Whitaker, [Scottish independence: Pro-Union donors revealed, The Scotsman, 16 December 2013, accessed 9 September 2013
  6. Fitzroy MacLean's Legacy, Intelligence Newsletter, 17 October 1996, Intelligence Online.
  7. Forward charge, Financial Times (London) 11 August 1995.
  8. John Willcock 'People & Business: Maharishi gets a flexible friend' The Independent (London) 14 August 1998, Page 21.
  9. See the Aufbau.org website
  10. Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford, MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups, The Sunday Times of London, June 17, 2001. His hidden agenda may have been to find out who was behind violent attacks on petrol stations following a boycott in Germany. Mike Hogan, Shell UK head of media relations, claimed in a personal phone call in July 2001 that this was what they had hired Hakluyt for. But there are no reports of Schlickenrieder approaching more radical groups, nor hinting at such subjects, from people he did speak to.
  11. Otto Diederichs and Holger Stark, Greenpeace, Das Auge der Multis, Die Tageszeitung, 10 December, 2000.
  12. See "About Us" section at Rio Tinto website
  13. Evidence that Schlickenrieder researched Rio Tinto is unpublished and is in the hands of members of Revolutionaire Aufbau, who exposed him.
  14. Thomas Scheuer, uppe2/focus120201.shtml Enttarnung im Internet, Focus, 12 Feb. 2001, and personal conversation with Otto Diederichs/TAZ.
  15. Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups The Sunday Times of London, 17 June 2001.
  16. "Business Intelligence Notes: UK", Intelligence Newsletter, No. 364, 26 Aug. 26, 1999, p. 3.
  17. Nicholas Rufford, 'Cloak and Dagger Ltd: Former spies of the Cold War era engage in industrial espionage', Management Today, 1 Feb. 1999, p. 9.
  18. Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups The Sunday Times of London, 17 June 2001.
  19. Business Intelligence and lobbying, No. 527, 7 July 2006 Intelligence Online
  20. Maurice Chittenden and Nicholas Rufford, MI6 'Firm' Spied on Green Groups, The Sunday Times of London, 17 June 2001.
  21. References for the Hakluyt People section
    • Forward charge Financial Times, August 11, 1995
    • Fitzroy MacLean's Legacy, Intelligence Newsletter, October 17, 1996
    • Lord Trotman and Sir William Purves join Hakluyt Financial Times, September 13, 1999,
    • Moving places Hakluyt and Company, Financial Times, January 11, 2001
    • Moving places Frank Wisner, Financial Times, August 7, 2001
    • Annual Report BT group, Nov 2001 at http://www.groupbt.com/report/dir_rep_gov/board/
    • BT Group PLC - Board Changes, the Independent, January 7, 2002
    • Moving places Lord Alex Trotman, Financial Times, March 22, 2002,
    • Moving places Hakluyt Foundation, Financial Times, October 21, 2002
    • Hakluyt Loses One of Its Mentors Intelligence Online May 20, 2005
    • RUTH SULLIVAN, Change of guard at Hakluyt,Financial Times, England, February 7, 2006
    • Hakluyt Founder Calls it a Day, Intelligence Online, February 10, 2006
    • The Indian Ocean Newsletter July 29, 2006
    • From the Financial Times to Hakluyt, Intelligence Online, July 7, 2006
    • The Indian Ocean Newsletter, July 29, 2006
  22. Harriet Agnew and Vivek Ahuja Ex-RAB chief comes in from the cold, 6 Apr 2012 Financial News, acc 10 Feb 2014
  23. Stephen Overell, Masters of the great game turn to business, Financial Times, 22 March 2000.
  24. Lord Paul Deighton Business Appointments ACOBA, Gov.uk, accessed 17 February 2016
  25. Holdingham Advisory Board] Holdingham, Undated, 25 September 2014