Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti

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FSB are the initial letters of the Russian words Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti - Federal Security Service - the country's secret police.
Known as the KGB during the days of the Soviet Union, the secret service was dismantled in 1991 and its successor FSK (Federalnaya Sluzhba Kontrrazvedki or Federal Counterintelligence Service) was reorganised into the FSB in 1995. [1]

References

  1. Profile: Russia's Secret Police, by James Rodgers, BBC News, 21 November 2006.