Difference between revisions of "Natan Sharansky"

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[[Image:Natan Sharansky.jpg|right|thumb|260px| Natan Sharansky of the [[Jewish Agency for Israel]] photographed in 2007 ]]
 
[[Image:Natan Sharansky.jpg|right|thumb|260px| Natan Sharansky of the [[Jewish Agency for Israel]] photographed in 2007 ]]
  
'''[[Natan Sharansky]]''' (formerly Anatoly Sharansky) is a former Soviet dissident prisoner and former Deputy Prime Minister of Israel, now working for the [[Jewish Agency for Israel]].
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'''[[Natan Sharansky]]''' (born Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky in Stalino, now Donetsk) is a former Soviet dissident prisoner and former Deputy Prime Minister of Israel, now working for the [[Jewish Agency for Israel]]. His ideas have been praised and echoed by former President [[George W. Bush]] and his former Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]].<ref>Clare Murphy, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4195303.stm Bush's new book for a new term], BBC News Online, 21 January 2005, accessed 2 July 2012</ref>
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
Born Anatoly Sharansky in 1948 in Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union, he was one of the founders of the [[Helsinki Monitoring Group]]. In 1973 he was denied an exit visa to Israel on security grounds and becmae heavily involved in the refusenik movement and "underground Zionist activities"<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/3/Natan%20Sharansky Natan Sharansky] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>. In 1977 he was arrested on charges of spying for the United States. Although the U.S. government denied any connection between Sharansky and the C.I.A., Sharansky was convicted in 1978, sentenced to 13 years and imprisoned. His wife, Avital, campaigned for his release in conjunction with organizations around the world<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/3/Natan%20Sharansky Natan Sharansky] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>. In February 1986 he was released in a US-Soviet prisoner exchange and immediately emigrated to Israel, adopting the Hebrew name Natan.
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Born Anatoly Sharansky in 1948 in Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union, he was one of the founders of the [[Helsinki Monitoring Group]]. In 1973 he was denied an exit visa to Israel on security grounds and becmae heavily involved in the refusenik movement and "underground Zionist activities"<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/3/Natan%20Sharansky Natan Sharansky] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>. In 1977 he was arrested on charges of spying for the United States. Although the U.S. government denied any connection between Sharansky and the C.I.A., Sharansky was convicted in 1978, sentenced to 13 years and imprisoned in a gulag (labour camp). His wife, Avital, campaigned for his release in conjunction with organizations around the world<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/3/Natan%20Sharansky Natan Sharansky] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>, and the support of President [[Ronald Reagan]]<ref>Gil Troy, [http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=207392 Cultivating democracy, Reagan- and Sharansky-style], 8 February 2011, Jerusalem Post, accessed 3 July 2012</ref>. In February 1986 he was released in a US-Soviet prisoner exchange and immediately emigrated to Israel, adopting the Hebrew name Natan.
  
 
In 1988, he was elected President of the newly created [[Zionist Forum]], active in promoting immigration and absorption of Soviet Jews, and was an associate editor of the [[Jerusalem Report]]. In 1994 he co-founded [[Peace Watch]] – an "independent non-partisan group committed to monitoring the compliance to agreements signed by Israel and the PLO"<ref>[http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Profile/Chairman/Biography/Biography.htm Biography:Natan Sharansky], Jewish Agency For Israel, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>. Then, in 1995 with [[Yoel Edelstein]] he co-founded a political party, [[Yisrael Ba'aliyah]], allegedly with the aim of bringing a million Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union and a million Jewish citizens of the United States and Europe to Israel. <ref name=Redress>Redress Information & Analysis,  
 
In 1988, he was elected President of the newly created [[Zionist Forum]], active in promoting immigration and absorption of Soviet Jews, and was an associate editor of the [[Jerusalem Report]]. In 1994 he co-founded [[Peace Watch]] – an "independent non-partisan group committed to monitoring the compliance to agreements signed by Israel and the PLO"<ref>[http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Profile/Chairman/Biography/Biography.htm Biography:Natan Sharansky], Jewish Agency For Israel, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>. Then, in 1995 with [[Yoel Edelstein]] he co-founded a political party, [[Yisrael Ba'aliyah]], allegedly with the aim of bringing a million Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union and a million Jewish citizens of the United States and Europe to Israel. <ref name=Redress>Redress Information & Analysis,  
[http://www.redress.btinternet.co.uk/sharansky.htm "Profile Anatoly "Natan" Sharansky Israel's great dissembler"], Redress Information & Analysis, accessed 25 February 2009</ref>The name means both  “Israel on the Rise” and “Israel for Immigration”. He represented the party in the Knesset from 1996 until 2003, <ref>[http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Profile/Chairman/Biography/Biography.htm Biography:Natan Sharansky], Jewish Agency For Israel, accessed June 26, 2012</ref> when it merged with the right-wing [[Likud]] party.
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[http://www.redress.btinternet.co.uk/sharansky.htm "Profile Anatoly "Natan" Sharansky Israel's great dissembler"], Redress Information & Analysis, accessed 25 February 2009</ref>The name means both  “Israel on the Rise” and “Israel for Immigration”. He represented the party in the Knesset from 1996 until 2003, <ref>[http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Profile/Chairman/Biography/Biography.htm Biography:Natan Sharansky], Jewish Agency For Israel, accessed June 26, 2012</ref> when it merged with the ruling right-wing [[Likud]] party.
  
Sharansky served as Minister of Industry and Trade from June 1996-1999, as Minister of the Interior from July 1999 until his resignation in July 2000, as Minister of Housing and Construction and Deputy Prime Minister from March 2001 until February 2003. He was Minister without Portfolio, responsible for Jerusalem, Social and Diaspora affairs from February 2003 until he resignation in May 2005<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/3/Natan%20Sharansky Natan Sharansky] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012</ref> in protest aganist Sharon's plan to withdraw from Gaza.<ref name=Conal>Conal Urquhart, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1475023,00.html "Sharansky Quits in Protest at Pullout"], The Guardian, 3 May 2005</ref>
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Sharansky served as Minister of Industry and Trade from June 1996-1999 and as Minister of the Interior from July 1999 until his resignation in July 2000 in protest against [[Ehud Barak]] considering the possibility dividing Jerusalem.<ref>[http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Profile/Chairman/Timeline/ Jewish Agency Chairman Natan Sharansky - Timeline], Jewish Agency, accessed 3 July 2012</ref> He was Minister of Housing and Construction and Deputy Prime Minister from March 2001 until February 2003 and then Minister without Portfolio, responsible for Jerusalem, Social and Diaspora affairs from February 2003 until he resignation in May 2005<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/3/Natan%20Sharansky Natan Sharansky] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012</ref> in protest aganist Sharon's plan to withdraw from Gaza.<ref name=Conal>Conal Urquhart, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1475023,00.html "Sharansky Quits in Protest at Pullout"], The Guardian, 3 May 2005</ref>
  
He served as Chairman and Distinguished Fellow of the [[Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies]] at the [[Shalem Center]] until June 2009 when he was elected Chairman of the Executive of the [[Jewish Agency for Israel]] by the Jewish Agency Board of Governors<ref>[http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Updates/Highlights/Archive/2009/jul02.htm Natan Sharansky’s Acceptance Speech
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He served as Chairman and Distinguished Fellow of the [[Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies]] at the [[Shalem Center]] until June 2009 when he was elected Chairman of the Executive of the [[Jewish Agency for Israel]] by the Jewish Agency Board of Governors<ref>[http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Updates/Highlights/Archive/2009/jul02.htm Natan Sharansky’s Acceptance Speech as Chairman of the Executive], Jewish Agency for Israel, accessed June 6, 2012</ref>
as Chairman of the Executive], Jewish Agency for Israel, accessed June 6, 2012</ref>
 
  
 
== Political history==
 
== Political history==
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*Minister of Industry and Trade under [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], June 1996-1999.
 
*Minister of Industry and Trade under [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], June 1996-1999.
 
*Minister of Interior from July 1999 until resignation in July 2000 under [[Ehud Barak]].
 
*Minister of Interior from July 1999 until resignation in July 2000 under [[Ehud Barak]].
*Minister of Housing and Construction, and Deputy Prime Minister under [[Ariel Sharon]], March 2001-2003.  
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*Minister of Housing and Construction, and Deputy Prime Minister under [[Ariel Sharon]], March 2001 - February 2003.  
 
*Minister for Jerusalem and Diaspora Affairs, 2003 until resignation in 2005.
 
*Minister for Jerusalem and Diaspora Affairs, 2003 until resignation in 2005.
 
*Chairman and Distinguished Fellow at the [[Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies]] of the [[Shalem Center]], 2006-9.
 
*Chairman and Distinguished Fellow at the [[Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies]] of the [[Shalem Center]], 2006-9.
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==Activities==
 
==Activities==
 
===Part of President Bush's political DNA===
 
===Part of President Bush's political DNA===
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<youtube size="medium" align="right" caption="[[George W. Bush]] praising Sharansky at the 2006 Presidential Medal of Freedom presentation">bEtd6X5syi4&feature=related</youtube>
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Sharansky is the author of three books. His memoir, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8Vfe7apFSxEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=sharansky+fear+no+evil&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MM3pT8XEDM2R0QXE_7iqAQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=sharansky%20fear%20no%20evil&f=false Fear No Evil]'', was published in the United States in 1988 and describes his time as a prisoner in the Soviet Union. His latest book, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gC9u0DLI34wC&pg=PR1&dq=sharansky+fear+no+evil&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MM3pT8XEDM2R0QXE_7iqAQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=sharansky%20fear%20no%20evil&f=false Defending Identity: Its Indispensable Role in Protecting Democracy]'' (2008), espouses the importance of national and religious identity in building democracy.  
 
Sharansky is the author of three books. His memoir, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8Vfe7apFSxEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=sharansky+fear+no+evil&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MM3pT8XEDM2R0QXE_7iqAQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=sharansky%20fear%20no%20evil&f=false Fear No Evil]'', was published in the United States in 1988 and describes his time as a prisoner in the Soviet Union. His latest book, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gC9u0DLI34wC&pg=PR1&dq=sharansky+fear+no+evil&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MM3pT8XEDM2R0QXE_7iqAQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=sharansky%20fear%20no%20evil&f=false Defending Identity: Its Indispensable Role in Protecting Democracy]'' (2008), espouses the importance of national and religious identity in building democracy.  
  
His most famous work ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vc_qZfWWoe8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=sharansky+fear+no+evil&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MM3pT8XEDM2R0QXE_7iqAQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false The Case for Democracy: the Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror]'' (2004) became widely known when President [[George W. Bush]] revealed that he had read and agreed with it. Bush stated that the book had become "part of my presidential DNA"<ref name=Barry>Tom Barry, [http://www.ipsnews.net/new_nota.asp?idnews=27345 "POLITICS-US: A Meeting of Minds and Policy"], IPS News, 7 February 2005</ref>. Co-authored with [[Ron Dermer]], the book argued that American foreign policy could and should uncompromisingly spread democracy in the rest of the world.
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His most famous work ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vc_qZfWWoe8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=sharansky+fear+no+evil&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MM3pT8XEDM2R0QXE_7iqAQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false The Case for Democracy: the Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror]'' (2004) became widely known when President [[George W. Bush]] revealed that he had read and agreed with it. Bush stated that the book had become "part of my presidential DNA"<ref name=Barry>Tom Barry, [http://www.ipsnews.net/new_nota.asp?idnews=27345 "POLITICS-US: A Meeting of Minds and Policy"], IPS News, 7 February 2005</ref>. Co-authored with [[Ron Dermer]], the book argued that American foreign policy could and should uncompromisingly spread democracy in the rest of the world. [[Anatol Lieven]], writing in the [[Financial Times]] has suggested that 'Mr Sharansky's book...is one of the few works on the Middle East that Mr Bush has read.'<ref>[http://jewssansfrontieres.blogspot.co.uk/2005/03/book-of-sharansky.html The Book of Sharansky], 18 March 2005, Financial Times (paywall) via Jews Sans Frontieres, accessed 3 July 2012</ref>
  
 
The [[Shirley & Banister Public Affairs]] Republican PR firm did promotion for Sharansky's ''Case for Democracy'' book, according to ''Jack O'Dwyer's Newsletter''<ref>Vol. 38, No. 18, May 4, 2005.</ref>. ''O'Dwyer's'' credited Shirley & Banister with securing a [[Rush Limbaugh]] interview and a meeting with [[George Walker Bush|President Bush]], who along with [[Condoleezza Rice]], has cited the work in speeches and interviews.
 
The [[Shirley & Banister Public Affairs]] Republican PR firm did promotion for Sharansky's ''Case for Democracy'' book, according to ''Jack O'Dwyer's Newsletter''<ref>Vol. 38, No. 18, May 4, 2005.</ref>. ''O'Dwyer's'' credited Shirley & Banister with securing a [[Rush Limbaugh]] interview and a meeting with [[George Walker Bush|President Bush]], who along with [[Condoleezza Rice]], has cited the work in speeches and interviews.
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===Lauded and reviled===
 
===Lauded and reviled===
Natan Sharansky was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1986 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2006. On receipt of the latter, presented by President [[George W. Bush]], the Palestinian Institute for the Study of Democracy, Muwatin, called him a "racist".<ref>[http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=882 Natan Sharansky: "Racist"?], FrontPageMag.com, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>
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According to RightWeb, Sharansky is frequently invited to speak at neoconservative institutions in the United States, such as the [[American Enterprise Institute]]<ref>[http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/Sharansky_Natan Natan Sharansky Profile], RightWeb, 14 September 2009, accessed 2 July 2012</ref>. [[Martin Kramer]] of the [[Shalem Center]] has praised Sharansky, saying:
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::Like [[Francis Fukuyama]] and [[Samuel Huntington]], Natan Sharansky has given us a vision. Like their vision, his too provokes thought. Unlike theirs, his has been endorsed by the most powerful people on earth. And unlike mere professors, he is also a man of action. He knows that ideas have consequences.<ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/Sharansky.htm&date=2009-10-26+02:20:32 Transcript of Martin Kramer's remarks], 23 February 2005, ''webcitation.org'', accessed 2 July 2012</ref>
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Sharansky was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1986 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2006. The latter was presented by President [[George W. Bush]]. Lamenting the decision to award him this medal, the Palestinian Institute for the Study of Democracy, Muwatin, called it the celebration of a "racist".<ref>[http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=882 Natan Sharansky: "Racist"?], FrontPageMag.com, accessed June 26, 2012</ref> Elsewhere, other Arab commentators have suggested that since his views and policies have undermined Palestinian rights 'Sharansky Symbolizes Anti-Arab Hatred'.<ref>Ray Hanania, [http://www.arabnews.com/node/265475 Sharansky Symbolizes Anti-Arab Hatred], 17 April 2005, accessed 2 July 2012</ref>
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Veteran Israeli journalist Uri Avnery wrote of Sharansky's much-discussed influence on Bush: 'The idea that the teachings of this particular political philosopher are the guiding star of the mightiest leader in the world, the commander of the biggest military machine in history, is rather frightening'.<ref name=Uri>Uri Avnery, [http://www.counterpunch.org/avnery03102005.html "Bush's Guru"], Counterpunch, 10 March 2005</ref>
  
 
===Attempt to dispossess Palestinians in East Jerusalem===
 
===Attempt to dispossess Palestinians in East Jerusalem===
 
In June 2004, Haaretz reports, Sharansky held a committee meeting attending by just one other Israeli minister and decided to use the Absentee Property Law of 1950 to expropriate thousands of dunams (1 dunam = 1,000 square metres) of land in East Jerusalem<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/like-thieves-in-the-night-1.149012 Like Thieves in the Night], Haaretz, 2 February 2005, accessed 2 July 2012</ref> By declaring the land to be abandoned - even though the Palestinian owners lived in the West Bank and were not in fact absent - the land could therefore be confiscated by the state without paying compensation to the owners. Israel's attorney general annulled the government decision in February 2005, stating that it was against Israel's obligations 'according to the rules of customary international law'.<ref> Greg Myre, [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/02/international/middleeast/02mideast.html?_r=1 Israel Revokes Decision on East Jerusalem Land], New York Times, 2 February, 2005, accessed 2 July 2012</ref>
 
In June 2004, Haaretz reports, Sharansky held a committee meeting attending by just one other Israeli minister and decided to use the Absentee Property Law of 1950 to expropriate thousands of dunams (1 dunam = 1,000 square metres) of land in East Jerusalem<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/like-thieves-in-the-night-1.149012 Like Thieves in the Night], Haaretz, 2 February 2005, accessed 2 July 2012</ref> By declaring the land to be abandoned - even though the Palestinian owners lived in the West Bank and were not in fact absent - the land could therefore be confiscated by the state without paying compensation to the owners. Israel's attorney general annulled the government decision in February 2005, stating that it was against Israel's obligations 'according to the rules of customary international law'.<ref> Greg Myre, [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/02/international/middleeast/02mideast.html?_r=1 Israel Revokes Decision on East Jerusalem Land], New York Times, 2 February, 2005, accessed 2 July 2012</ref>
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===Democracy and Security conference===
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While Sharansky was at the [[Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies]] - named after its main funder, billionaire and hardline Zionist [[Sheldon Adelson]] - he helped to organise the June 2007 [[Democracy and Security International Conference]] in Prague along with [[Vaclav Havel]] and former conservative prime minister of Spain [[Jose Maria Aznar]].
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The event gathered individuals seen as dissidents from Middle Eastern countries, China, and Eastern Europe and U.S. President George W. Bush was the headliner speaker, addressing attendees on the subject of the war on terror. He reportedly attended against the advice of the State Department because of the personal intervention of Sharansky<ref> Bret Stephens, [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118160718649531924.html The Ghost House: If Prague Can Be Free Why Not Sudan?], Wall Street Journal, 12 June 2007, accessed 2 July 2012</ref>.The conference was dubbed the 'Neoconservative International' by one commentator.<ref>Jim Lobe, [http://www.ips.org/blog/jimlobe/?p=27 A Neo-Conservative International Targets Iran], ''Lobelog.com'', 9 June 2007</ref>
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===Attendance at Herzliya Conference===
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Sharansky has spoken several times at the [[Herzliya Conference]], an annual policy conference held in Herzliya, Israel, hosted by the [[Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya]]:
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*At the [[Second Herzliya Conference]], while Minister of Housing and Construction, on 'The Strengthening of the Post-Soviet Jewish Community and its Connection with Israel' (December 17, 2001)
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*At the [[Third Herzliya Conference]], while Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Housing and Construction, on 'Democracy as a Foundation to Peace' (December 3, 2002)
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*At the [[Fifth Herzliya Conference]], while Minister for Diaspora and Jerusalem Affairs, as Chair of a talk entitled 'Solidifying Israel-Diaspora Connections' (December 15, 2004)
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*At the [[Seventh Herzliya Conference]], while at the [[Shalem Center]], on 'Combating the De-legitimization of the Jewish State and Winning the Battle of Public Opinion' (January 23, 2007)
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*At the [[Eighth Herzliya Conference]], while Chairman of the [[Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies]] at the [[Shalem Center]], at the opening ceremony and as chair of a discussion called 'From the Outside, Looking In: International Perspectives on the Middle East' (January 22, 2008)
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*At the [[Eleventh Annual Herzliya Conference]], while Chairman of the Executive of the [[Jewish Agency for Israel]], on 'Securing the Future of Israel and the Jewish People' (February 7, 2011)
  
 
==Views==
 
==Views==
 
===Without Jerusalem 'we are foreign invaders and colonialists'===
 
===Without Jerusalem 'we are foreign invaders and colonialists'===
As co-founder and chairman of [[One Jerusalem]], a hard-right pressure group, Sharansky has signalled his unwillingness to share Jerusalem with the Palestinians. While Minister for Jerusalem and Diaspora Affairs, he wrote, in a Haaretz article entitled ''[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/temple-mount-is-more-important-than-peace-1.102869 Temple Mount Is More Important Than Peace]'' that:
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As co-founder and chairman of [[One Jerusalem]], a hard-right pressure group, and in many public statements, Sharansky has signalled his unwillingness to share Jerusalem with the Palestinians. While Minister for Jerusalem and Diaspora Affairs, he wrote, in a Haaretz article entitled ''[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/temple-mount-is-more-important-than-peace-1.102869 Temple Mount Is More Important Than Peace]'' that:
 
::The values symbolized by Jerusalem are not only religious in nature. One doesn't have to be religious to understand that without our historical connection to Jerusalem, without the link to the past, without the feeling of continuity with the ancient kingdoms of Israel for whom the Temple Mount was the center of existence, we really are foreign invaders and colonialists in this country.
 
::The values symbolized by Jerusalem are not only religious in nature. One doesn't have to be religious to understand that without our historical connection to Jerusalem, without the link to the past, without the feeling of continuity with the ancient kingdoms of Israel for whom the Temple Mount was the center of existence, we really are foreign invaders and colonialists in this country.
  
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::There are attempts to say that now is the time for Israel to urgently make peace, but there’s no leadership on the Palestinian side for it. Will we sign agreements with dictators whose days are numbered? The simple answer, “let’s make peace and that’s it,” doesn’t cut it.<ref>[http://www.momentmag.com/moment/issues/2011/06/IsraelsNextMove.html What Is Israel’s Next Move In The New Middle East?], Moment - May/June 2011, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>
 
::There are attempts to say that now is the time for Israel to urgently make peace, but there’s no leadership on the Palestinian side for it. Will we sign agreements with dictators whose days are numbered? The simple answer, “let’s make peace and that’s it,” doesn’t cut it.<ref>[http://www.momentmag.com/moment/issues/2011/06/IsraelsNextMove.html What Is Israel’s Next Move In The New Middle East?], Moment - May/June 2011, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>
 
Elsewhere he has argued that greater democratization is needed on the Palestinian side before there will be any real prospect for peace, stating that Israel has in the past tried and failed 'to turn a Palestinian dictatorship into a partner'.<ref>Natan Sharansky, [http://www.meforum.org/666/natan-sharansky-peace-will-only-come-after Peace Will Only Come After Freedom and Democracy], Middle East Quarterly Winter 2005, pp. 79-83,</ref>
 
Elsewhere he has argued that greater democratization is needed on the Palestinian side before there will be any real prospect for peace, stating that Israel has in the past tried and failed 'to turn a Palestinian dictatorship into a partner'.<ref>Natan Sharansky, [http://www.meforum.org/666/natan-sharansky-peace-will-only-come-after Peace Will Only Come After Freedom and Democracy], Middle East Quarterly Winter 2005, pp. 79-83,</ref>
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===Against Gaza pull-out, for re-occupation===
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Sharansky resigned from Ariel Sharon's government in 2005 in protest at the withdrawal from Gaza. Later, during a visit to Australia in 2008, Sharansky said during an interview that invading Gaza again would be advisable if rocket fire from that territory did not cease. He said on Australian radio that if Hamas militants kept firing fockets 'we will have no choice but to reoccupy at least those dozen territories from which missiles are falling on our houses everyday.'<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2008/s2176499.htm Former Israeli Minister Calls for Gaza Invasion], ''ABC.net'' transcript, 29 February 2008, accessed 2 July 2012</ref>
  
 
===The 'new anti-Semitism'===
 
===The 'new anti-Semitism'===
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*Double standards - 'we must ask whether criticism of Israel is being applied selectively. In other words, do similar policies by other governments engender the same criticism, or is there a double standard at work?'
 
*Double standards - 'we must ask whether criticism of Israel is being applied selectively. In other words, do similar policies by other governments engender the same criticism, or is there a double standard at work?'
 
*Deligitimation - 'In the past, anti-Semites tried to deny the legitimacy of the Jewish religion, the Jewish people, or both. Today, they are trying to deny the legitimacy of the Jewish state, presenting it, among other things, as the last vestige of colonialism. While criticism of an Israeli policy may not be anti-Semitic, the denial of Israel's right to exist is always anti-Semitic.'<ref>Natan Sharansky, [http://www.foiwa.org.au/sites/default/files/pdf/Anti-Semitism-in-3D.pdf Anti-Semitism in 3D], Jerusalem Post via Friends of Israel West Australia, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>
 
*Deligitimation - 'In the past, anti-Semites tried to deny the legitimacy of the Jewish religion, the Jewish people, or both. Today, they are trying to deny the legitimacy of the Jewish state, presenting it, among other things, as the last vestige of colonialism. While criticism of an Israeli policy may not be anti-Semitic, the denial of Israel's right to exist is always anti-Semitic.'<ref>Natan Sharansky, [http://www.foiwa.org.au/sites/default/files/pdf/Anti-Semitism-in-3D.pdf Anti-Semitism in 3D], Jerusalem Post via Friends of Israel West Australia, accessed June 26, 2012</ref>
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===The 'moral clarity' of Ronald Reagan===
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Sharansky has said that the collapse of the Soviet Union can be attributed in large part to three men: [[Andrei Sakharov]], [[Henry 'Scoop' Jackson]], and [[Ronald Reagan]]. He has praised Reagan's well-known speech in which he dubbed the Soviet Union an 'Evil Empire' and for what Sharansky calls Reagan's 'moral clarity to understand the truth, and the courage both to speak the truth and to do what needed to be done to support it.'<ref>[http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/224ncdel.asp?page=2 The View from the Gulag], 21 June 2004, The Weekly Standard VOL. 9, NO. 39, accessed 3 July 2012</ref>
  
 
== Affiliations ==
 
== Affiliations ==
*[[Adelson Institute]], based at [[Shalem Center]]
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*[[Nativ]] - worked with the secretive intelligence organisation to leave the Soviet Union.
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*[[Shalem Center]]'s [[Adelson Institute]] - former Chairman and Distinguished Fellow
 
*[[Global Forum for Combating Antisemitism]] - Founder
 
*[[Global Forum for Combating Antisemitism]] - Founder
 
*[[International Freedom Center]] - Director
 
*[[International Freedom Center]] - Director
 
*[[Likud]]
 
*[[Likud]]
 
*[[MEMRI]] - Board of Advisors
 
*[[MEMRI]] - Board of Advisors
*[[One Jerusalem]], Chairman
+
*[[One Jerusalem]] - Chairman and co-founder
*[[Yisra'el Ba'aliyah]], the Russian immigrants' party in Israel
+
*[[Yisra'el Ba'aliyah]] - co-founder of the Russian immigrants' party in Israel
*[[Zionist Forum]]
+
*[[Zionist Forum]] - former President
*[[Jewish Agency for Israel]]
+
*[[Jewish Agency for Israel]] - Chairman of the Executive
  
 
==Publications==
 
==Publications==
Line 80: Line 107:
 
==Resources==
 
==Resources==
 
*Michael C. Desch, [http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/sharanskys-double-standard/ Sharansky's Double Standard], The American Conservative, 28 March 2005
 
*Michael C. Desch, [http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/sharanskys-double-standard/ Sharansky's Double Standard], The American Conservative, 28 March 2005
 +
*[http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/Sharansky_Natan Natan Sharansky profile] on RightWeb
 +
*Natan Sharansky, [http://www.meforum.org/666/natan-sharansky-peace-will-only-come-after Peace Will Only Come after Freedom and Democracy], Middle East Quartlery, Winter 2005
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
 
<references/>  
 
<references/>  
  
[[Category:Israel Lobby|Sharansky, Natan]][[category:Iraq War 2003|Sharansky, Natan]]
+
[[Category:Israel Lobby|Sharansky, Natan]][[Category:Israeli Think Tanker|Sharansky, Natan]][[category:Iraq War 2003|Sharansky, Natan]]
 
[[Category:Neocons|Sharansky, Natan]]
 
[[Category:Neocons|Sharansky, Natan]]

Latest revision as of 09:40, 3 November 2022

Natan Sharansky of the Jewish Agency for Israel photographed in 2007

Natan Sharansky (born Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky in Stalino, now Donetsk) is a former Soviet dissident prisoner and former Deputy Prime Minister of Israel, now working for the Jewish Agency for Israel. His ideas have been praised and echoed by former President George W. Bush and his former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.[1]

History

Born Anatoly Sharansky in 1948 in Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union, he was one of the founders of the Helsinki Monitoring Group. In 1973 he was denied an exit visa to Israel on security grounds and becmae heavily involved in the refusenik movement and "underground Zionist activities"[2]. In 1977 he was arrested on charges of spying for the United States. Although the U.S. government denied any connection between Sharansky and the C.I.A., Sharansky was convicted in 1978, sentenced to 13 years and imprisoned in a gulag (labour camp). His wife, Avital, campaigned for his release in conjunction with organizations around the world[3], and the support of President Ronald Reagan[4]. In February 1986 he was released in a US-Soviet prisoner exchange and immediately emigrated to Israel, adopting the Hebrew name Natan.

In 1988, he was elected President of the newly created Zionist Forum, active in promoting immigration and absorption of Soviet Jews, and was an associate editor of the Jerusalem Report. In 1994 he co-founded Peace Watch – an "independent non-partisan group committed to monitoring the compliance to agreements signed by Israel and the PLO"[5]. Then, in 1995 with Yoel Edelstein he co-founded a political party, Yisrael Ba'aliyah, allegedly with the aim of bringing a million Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union and a million Jewish citizens of the United States and Europe to Israel. [6]The name means both “Israel on the Rise” and “Israel for Immigration”. He represented the party in the Knesset from 1996 until 2003, [7] when it merged with the ruling right-wing Likud party.

Sharansky served as Minister of Industry and Trade from June 1996-1999 and as Minister of the Interior from July 1999 until his resignation in July 2000 in protest against Ehud Barak considering the possibility dividing Jerusalem.[8] He was Minister of Housing and Construction and Deputy Prime Minister from March 2001 until February 2003 and then Minister without Portfolio, responsible for Jerusalem, Social and Diaspora affairs from February 2003 until he resignation in May 2005[9] in protest aganist Sharon's plan to withdraw from Gaza.[10]

He served as Chairman and Distinguished Fellow of the Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies at the Shalem Center until June 2009 when he was elected Chairman of the Executive of the Jewish Agency for Israel by the Jewish Agency Board of Governors[11]

Political history

Activities

Part of President Bush's political DNA

<youtube size="medium" align="right" caption="George W. Bush praising Sharansky at the 2006 Presidential Medal of Freedom presentation">bEtd6X5syi4&feature=related</youtube>

Sharansky is the author of three books. His memoir, Fear No Evil, was published in the United States in 1988 and describes his time as a prisoner in the Soviet Union. His latest book, Defending Identity: Its Indispensable Role in Protecting Democracy (2008), espouses the importance of national and religious identity in building democracy.

His most famous work The Case for Democracy: the Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror (2004) became widely known when President George W. Bush revealed that he had read and agreed with it. Bush stated that the book had become "part of my presidential DNA"[12]. Co-authored with Ron Dermer, the book argued that American foreign policy could and should uncompromisingly spread democracy in the rest of the world. Anatol Lieven, writing in the Financial Times has suggested that 'Mr Sharansky's book...is one of the few works on the Middle East that Mr Bush has read.'[13]

The Shirley & Banister Public Affairs Republican PR firm did promotion for Sharansky's Case for Democracy book, according to Jack O'Dwyer's Newsletter[14]. O'Dwyer's credited Shirley & Banister with securing a Rush Limbaugh interview and a meeting with President Bush, who along with Condoleezza Rice, has cited the work in speeches and interviews.

Campaign to free Pollard

In February 2004, Sharansky announced his intention to visit Jonathan Pollard, the imprisoned Israeli spy, in a US federal prison. Though Pollard refused to see him, stating that the Israeli government was staging high-profile visits in place of applying intensive pressure to secure his release, [15] Sharansky lent his reputation as a former imprisoned Soviet dissident to the campaign by Zionist groups in the US to release Pollard.[16]

Lauded and reviled

According to RightWeb, Sharansky is frequently invited to speak at neoconservative institutions in the United States, such as the American Enterprise Institute[17]. Martin Kramer of the Shalem Center has praised Sharansky, saying:

Like Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington, Natan Sharansky has given us a vision. Like their vision, his too provokes thought. Unlike theirs, his has been endorsed by the most powerful people on earth. And unlike mere professors, he is also a man of action. He knows that ideas have consequences.[18]

Sharansky was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1986 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2006. The latter was presented by President George W. Bush. Lamenting the decision to award him this medal, the Palestinian Institute for the Study of Democracy, Muwatin, called it the celebration of a "racist".[19] Elsewhere, other Arab commentators have suggested that since his views and policies have undermined Palestinian rights 'Sharansky Symbolizes Anti-Arab Hatred'.[20]

Veteran Israeli journalist Uri Avnery wrote of Sharansky's much-discussed influence on Bush: 'The idea that the teachings of this particular political philosopher are the guiding star of the mightiest leader in the world, the commander of the biggest military machine in history, is rather frightening'.[21]

Attempt to dispossess Palestinians in East Jerusalem

In June 2004, Haaretz reports, Sharansky held a committee meeting attending by just one other Israeli minister and decided to use the Absentee Property Law of 1950 to expropriate thousands of dunams (1 dunam = 1,000 square metres) of land in East Jerusalem[22] By declaring the land to be abandoned - even though the Palestinian owners lived in the West Bank and were not in fact absent - the land could therefore be confiscated by the state without paying compensation to the owners. Israel's attorney general annulled the government decision in February 2005, stating that it was against Israel's obligations 'according to the rules of customary international law'.[23]

Democracy and Security conference

While Sharansky was at the Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies - named after its main funder, billionaire and hardline Zionist Sheldon Adelson - he helped to organise the June 2007 Democracy and Security International Conference in Prague along with Vaclav Havel and former conservative prime minister of Spain Jose Maria Aznar.

The event gathered individuals seen as dissidents from Middle Eastern countries, China, and Eastern Europe and U.S. President George W. Bush was the headliner speaker, addressing attendees on the subject of the war on terror. He reportedly attended against the advice of the State Department because of the personal intervention of Sharansky[24].The conference was dubbed the 'Neoconservative International' by one commentator.[25]

Attendance at Herzliya Conference

Sharansky has spoken several times at the Herzliya Conference, an annual policy conference held in Herzliya, Israel, hosted by the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya:

Views

Without Jerusalem 'we are foreign invaders and colonialists'

As co-founder and chairman of One Jerusalem, a hard-right pressure group, and in many public statements, Sharansky has signalled his unwillingness to share Jerusalem with the Palestinians. While Minister for Jerusalem and Diaspora Affairs, he wrote, in a Haaretz article entitled Temple Mount Is More Important Than Peace that:

The values symbolized by Jerusalem are not only religious in nature. One doesn't have to be religious to understand that without our historical connection to Jerusalem, without the link to the past, without the feeling of continuity with the ancient kingdoms of Israel for whom the Temple Mount was the center of existence, we really are foreign invaders and colonialists in this country.
One doesn't have to be religious in order to understand that relinquishing the Temple Mount is a justification of the Palestinian argument: You have no right to exist in this country, you have no connection to it, get out of here. One doesn't have to be religious in order to understand that relinquishing the Temple Mount is not only relinquishing the past, it is primarily relinquishing the future.[26]

Blaming the victim

Sharansky wrote in The Wall Street Journal of what he termed 'the Palestinians' most shameful military tactic: pimping the suffering of their civilians as a weapon of war.' He went on to state his belief that 'Palestinian children are dying today not because of Israeli brutality, but because their own leaders have chosen to use their children as human shields, and their pain as a battering ram against Western sensibilities.'[27]

No partner for peace

Sharansky has consistently argued that Israel wants peace but the Palestinians do not and therefore Israel should not compromise for peace. For example, he wrote in mid-2011:

There are attempts to say that now is the time for Israel to urgently make peace, but there’s no leadership on the Palestinian side for it. Will we sign agreements with dictators whose days are numbered? The simple answer, “let’s make peace and that’s it,” doesn’t cut it.[28]

Elsewhere he has argued that greater democratization is needed on the Palestinian side before there will be any real prospect for peace, stating that Israel has in the past tried and failed 'to turn a Palestinian dictatorship into a partner'.[29]

Against Gaza pull-out, for re-occupation

Sharansky resigned from Ariel Sharon's government in 2005 in protest at the withdrawal from Gaza. Later, during a visit to Australia in 2008, Sharansky said during an interview that invading Gaza again would be advisable if rocket fire from that territory did not cease. He said on Australian radio that if Hamas militants kept firing fockets 'we will have no choice but to reoccupy at least those dozen territories from which missiles are falling on our houses everyday.'[30]

The 'new anti-Semitism'

Sharansky is a proponent of the notion that some criticism of Israel is illegitimate and constitutes anti-Semitism. He has proposed that what he calls the '3D test' can be used to differentiate acceptable criticism of Israel from unacceptable criticism. The latter is characterised, according to Sharansky, by:

  • Demonisation - 'we must be wary of whether the Jewish state is being demonized by having its actions blown out of all sensible proportion'.
  • Double standards - 'we must ask whether criticism of Israel is being applied selectively. In other words, do similar policies by other governments engender the same criticism, or is there a double standard at work?'
  • Deligitimation - 'In the past, anti-Semites tried to deny the legitimacy of the Jewish religion, the Jewish people, or both. Today, they are trying to deny the legitimacy of the Jewish state, presenting it, among other things, as the last vestige of colonialism. While criticism of an Israeli policy may not be anti-Semitic, the denial of Israel's right to exist is always anti-Semitic.'[31]

The 'moral clarity' of Ronald Reagan

Sharansky has said that the collapse of the Soviet Union can be attributed in large part to three men: Andrei Sakharov, Henry 'Scoop' Jackson, and Ronald Reagan. He has praised Reagan's well-known speech in which he dubbed the Soviet Union an 'Evil Empire' and for what Sharansky calls Reagan's 'moral clarity to understand the truth, and the courage both to speak the truth and to do what needed to be done to support it.'[32]

Affiliations

Publications

Resources

Notes

  1. Clare Murphy, Bush's new book for a new term, BBC News Online, 21 January 2005, accessed 2 July 2012
  2. Natan Sharansky Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012
  3. Natan Sharansky Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012
  4. Gil Troy, Cultivating democracy, Reagan- and Sharansky-style, 8 February 2011, Jerusalem Post, accessed 3 July 2012
  5. Biography:Natan Sharansky, Jewish Agency For Israel, accessed June 26, 2012
  6. Redress Information & Analysis, "Profile Anatoly "Natan" Sharansky Israel's great dissembler", Redress Information & Analysis, accessed 25 February 2009
  7. Biography:Natan Sharansky, Jewish Agency For Israel, accessed June 26, 2012
  8. Jewish Agency Chairman Natan Sharansky - Timeline, Jewish Agency, accessed 3 July 2012
  9. Natan Sharansky Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 26, 2012
  10. Conal Urquhart, "Sharansky Quits in Protest at Pullout", The Guardian, 3 May 2005
  11. Natan Sharansky’s Acceptance Speech as Chairman of the Executive, Jewish Agency for Israel, accessed June 6, 2012
  12. Tom Barry, "POLITICS-US: A Meeting of Minds and Policy", IPS News, 7 February 2005
  13. The Book of Sharansky, 18 March 2005, Financial Times (paywall) via Jews Sans Frontieres, accessed 3 July 2012
  14. Vol. 38, No. 18, May 4, 2005.
  15. Pollard Refuses Sharansky, jonathanpollard.org, accessed June 26, 2012
  16. Sharansky To Visit Pollard, IsraelNationalNews.com, accessed June 26, 2012
  17. Natan Sharansky Profile, RightWeb, 14 September 2009, accessed 2 July 2012
  18. Transcript of Martin Kramer's remarks, 23 February 2005, webcitation.org, accessed 2 July 2012
  19. Natan Sharansky: "Racist"?, FrontPageMag.com, accessed June 26, 2012
  20. Ray Hanania, Sharansky Symbolizes Anti-Arab Hatred, 17 April 2005, accessed 2 July 2012
  21. Uri Avnery, "Bush's Guru", Counterpunch, 10 March 2005
  22. Like Thieves in the Night, Haaretz, 2 February 2005, accessed 2 July 2012
  23. Greg Myre, Israel Revokes Decision on East Jerusalem Land, New York Times, 2 February, 2005, accessed 2 July 2012
  24. Bret Stephens, The Ghost House: If Prague Can Be Free Why Not Sudan?, Wall Street Journal, 12 June 2007, accessed 2 July 2012
  25. Jim Lobe, A Neo-Conservative International Targets Iran, Lobelog.com, 9 June 2007
  26. Temple Mount is More Important Than Peace, Haaretz, 16 October 2003, accessed 2 July 2012
  27. How the U.N. Perpetuates the 'Refugee' Problem, Wall Street Journal, accessed June 26, 2012
  28. What Is Israel’s Next Move In The New Middle East?, Moment - May/June 2011, accessed June 26, 2012
  29. Natan Sharansky, Peace Will Only Come After Freedom and Democracy, Middle East Quarterly Winter 2005, pp. 79-83,
  30. Former Israeli Minister Calls for Gaza Invasion, ABC.net transcript, 29 February 2008, accessed 2 July 2012
  31. Natan Sharansky, Anti-Semitism in 3D, Jerusalem Post via Friends of Israel West Australia, accessed June 26, 2012
  32. The View from the Gulag, 21 June 2004, The Weekly Standard VOL. 9, NO. 39, accessed 3 July 2012